Vibration states of hydrogen on tungsten

The vibrational excitation of hydrogen adsorbed on the low-index faces of tungsten have been investigated using electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The results indicate the same vibrational force constant in “on-top” sites independent of substrate-atom geometrical environment.     

Pion interferometry in jet events at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings

We have revised the additive quark model for inelastic hadronic cross sections with its implications to the average charged multiplicities. The correction to the additive quark model is on the level of 2 mb only if we take into account all possible quark-quark cross sections with respect to flavour. The quark-quark constitutent cross sections have been evaluated. We have attributed average charged multiplicities to the constituent quark cross sections and have found some regularities according to the flavour of the quarks.     

Instrumental analytical techniques in geochemistry: Requirements and applications

Summary Geochemists must analyse an extremely wide range of terrestrial and planetary materials. The instrumental techniques necessary to cope with this difficult task are considered. The most important analytical techniques in use by the geochemist today are AAS, ICP-OES, INAA, MSID and XRFS, and the electron microscope for in situ mineral analysis. Some applications of these techniques to solving major problems in geochemistry are discussed. The importance of certified reference materials and of high quality geochemical data are emphasized. It is concluded that the general quality of trace element data has improved over the past 25 years, as a direct result of the application of modern instrumental techniques. Surprisingly, the quality of data reported for certain major elements has deteriorated over that time, when compared with data obtainable by classical chemical methods. Predictions are made concerning the instrumentation needs of the next generation of geochemists.

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Instrumentelle analytische Verfahren in der Geochemie: Erfordernisse und Anwendungen

Zusammenfassung Die instrumentellen Techniken werden betrachtet, die notwendig sind, um Proben aus einem außerordentlich großen Bereich von irdischen und planetarischen Materialien zu analysieren. Die wichtigsten analytischen Techniken, die vom Geochemiker heutzutage benutzt werden, sind: AAS, ICP-OES, INAA, MSID und XRFS sowie die Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosonde für in situ-Analysen von Mineralien. Einige Anwendungen dieser Techniken für die Lösung schwieriger Probleme in der Geochemie werden diskutiert. Die Bedeutung von zertifizierten Referenzmaterialien und von geochemischen Daten hoher Qualität wird betont. Es wird festgestellt, daß sich die allgemeine Qualität der Daten von Spurenelementen in den letzten 25 Jahren verbessert hat; ein direktes Ergebnis der Anwendung moderner instrumenteller Techniken. Überraschenderweise hat sich in diesem Zeitraum die Qualität der Daten von bestimmten Hauptelementen verschlechtert, wenn man mit Daten vergleicht, die mit klassischen chemischen Methoden erreichbar sind. Es werden Voraussagen in Bezug auf den instrumentellen Bedarf der nächsten Generation von Geochemikern gemacht.

     

Adsorbate-induced surface resonances on tungsten at energies above the vacuum level

In angle-resolved secondary electron emission normal to a W(110) surface, spectral structure, due to adsorbate-induced (i.e. “extrinsic”) surface resonances lying above the vacuum level, is resolved when the energy of the emitted electron corresponds to a gap in the energy bands of the substrate. Results are presented for ordered monolayers of O₂ and CO. The adsorbate resonances are interpreted in terms of excited two-dimensional Bloch states produced by the lattice periodicity of the adsorbate.     

First Resolution of a Free Secondary Phosphine Chiral at Phosphorus and Stereospecific Formation and Structural Characterization of a Homochiral Secondary Phosphine-Borane Complex

The R(P) diastereomer of (-)-menthylmesitylphosphine, (R(P))-1, has been isolated with high configurational purity at phosphorus by fractional crystallization of an (R(P))-1/(S(P))-1 = 43/57 mixture from acetonitrile containing a trace of sodium acetylacetonate as a proton scavenger or by deboranation of the corresponding borane complex (S(P))-2 with diethylamine, thereby effecting the first resolution of a secondary phosphine chiral at phosphorus. The crystal and molecular structure of (S(P))-2 has been determined. The ready isolation of (S(P))-2 of 97% diastereomeric purity in 66% yield from an equilibrium (R(P))-2/(S(P))-2 = 28/72 mixture in n-hexane by second-order asymmetric transformation and its quantitative and stereospecific conversion under mild conditions into (R(P))-1 of similar purity augurs well for the future of the resolved secondary phosphines in stereoselective syntheses.