Pyrrole-Based Fully Non-fused Acceptor for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are still suffering from the low light utilization and unstable under ultraviolet irradiation. To tackle these challenges, we design and synthesize a non-fused acceptor based on 1-(2-butyloctyl)-1H-pyrrole as π-bridge unit, denoted as GS70, which serves as active layer in the front-cell for constructing tandem OSCs with a parallel configuration. Benefiting from the well-complementary absorption spectra with the rear-cell, GS70-based parallel tandem OSCs exhibit an improved photoelectron response over the range between 600–700 nm, yielding a high short-circuit current density of 28.4 mA cm⁻². The improvement in light utilization translates to a power conversion efficiency of 19.4 %, the highest value among all parallel tandem OSCs. Notably, owing to the intrinsic stability of GS70, the manufactured parallel tandem OSCs retain 84.9 % of their initial PCE after continuous illumination for 1000 hours. Overall, this work offers novel insight into the molecular design of low-cost and stability non-fused acceptors, emphasizing the importance of adopting a parallel tandem configuration for achieving efficient light harvesting and improved photostability in OSCs.     

红外光谱等方法在电机易烧毁事故分析中的应用

本文应用红外光谱,气相色谱等方法对１０３２三聚氰胺醇酸绝缘漆的稀释剂“二甲苯”进行了成份分析,结论是该稀释剂根本不是二甲苯,而是以苯,甲苯,卤代烃,二甲苯,和甲醇组成的混合液,找出了电机易烧毁的原因。     

氧化石墨烯插层聚β-羟基丁酸酯复合材料的结晶形态与宏观性能

由微生物直接合成的聚β-羟基丁酸酯（PHB）可实现从原料合成到加工成型和回收降解的全周期生态循环, 在生物医用和包装材料等领域有着重要的应用前景. 受制于PHB自身成核能力差导致的球晶尺寸偏大等不利结晶形态特点, 其制品存在抗冲韧性差、 延展率低和易蠕变等缺陷. 本文提出了水相加工和受限成型相结合的制备方法, 将氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片在水溶液中充分剥离后, 直接包覆于亚微米级PHB微颗粒表面形成PHB@GO复合物, 然后在压力场下受限成型获得GO插层PHB纳米复合材料. 研究结果表明, 即使在极低GO添加量（质量分数0.1%）下, PHB的等温和非等温结晶能力都有显著提高, 并获得晶核密度高且晶体尺寸均一的结晶形态. 插层GO纳米片还促使复合材料发生了脆-韧转变, 使其拉伸强度和延展性均成倍提高, 同时显著增强了动态热力学性能、 抗蠕变性能和热学性能.     

Preparing graphene oxide–copper composite material from spent lithium ion batteries and catalytic performance analysis

The wide use of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has created much waste, which has become a global issue. It is vital to recycle waste LIBs considering their environmental risks and resource characteristics. Anode graphite from spent LIBs still possess a complete layer structure and contain some oxygen-containing groups between layers, which can be reused to prepare high value-added products. Given the intrinsic defect structure of anode graphite, copper foils in LIB anode electrodes, and excellent properties of graphene, graphene oxide–copper composite material was prepared in this work. Anode graphite was firstly purified to remove organic impurities by calcination and remove lithium. Purified graphite was used to prepare graphene oxide–copper composite material after oxidation to graphite oxide, ultrasonic exfoliation to graphene oxide (GO), and Cu²⁺ adsorption. Compared with natural graphite, preparing graphite oxide using anode graphite consumed 40% less concentrated H₂SO₄ and 28.6% less KMnO₄. Cu²⁺ was well adsorbed by 1.0 mg L^?1 stable GO suspension at pH 5.3 for 120 min. Graphene oxide–copper composite material could be successfully obtained after 6 h absorption, 3 h bonding between GO and Cu²⁺ with 3/100 of GO/CuSO₄ mass ratio. Compared to CuO, graphene oxide–copper composite material had better catalytic photodegradation performance on methylene blue, and the electric field further improved the photodegradation efficiency of the composite material.     

石灰性土壤小麦缺锌矫正及锌营养品质改善的途径

石灰性土壤中锌的缺乏常常导致所栽培的主要作物——小麦锌缺乏的发生,从而严重影响小麦产量和籽粒的锌营养品质,并最终威胁到人体健康。从石灰性土壤中锌缺乏的原因入手,着重从外源供锌和筛选耐缺锌的小麦基因型(锌高效基因型小麦)两个方面论述了解决石灰性土壤上栽培小麦锌缺乏问题的途径,并认为后者是更好的选择。     

小口径超空泡子弹头部外形的优化设计

在水下高速运动时,小口径射弹周围的水会发生空化现象,阻力系数最优的弹头几何外形对应着射弹被空泡全包裹的超空泡状态。针对一种小口径射弹,可以利用计算流体力学（CFD）数值方法模拟含空化现象的气液两相流动,探究空泡形态和阻力系数与射弹头部几何外形的关系。选取三段锥形为基本射弹头形,采用分步优化方式对射弹头部外形进行了优化。同时,结合神经网络与序列二次规划（SQP）算法减少优化过程中的计算量,缩短了优化工作所需的总时间。优化后的射弹阻力系数比优化前的减小约30%,且能够形成包裹全弹体的超空泡。     

Elucidation of a Dearomatization Route in the Biosynthesis of Oxysporidinone Involving a TenA-like Cytochrome P450 Enzyme

Oxidative dearomatization of phenols is an important transformation for synthesis of complex molecules. Oxysporidinone and related 2-pyridones feature a hydroxy-substituted cyclohexanone ring, which has been proposed to form by phenol dearomatization, although the details of the biochemical process are still unknown. In this study, we identified the oxysporidinone biosynthetic gene cluster in Fusarium oxysporum by regulator activation and gene knockout studies. Through in vivo and in vitro studies, we confirmed that the phenol dearomatization process involves two enzymes. OsdM, a TenA-like cytochrome P450 with expected ring-expansion activity, converts the phenol ring and the 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone core into an unexpected fused [6-5-6] ring system. OsdN, on the other hand, catalyzes two successive ene reduction reactions, followed by hydroxylation by OsdM. This new route enriches current knowledge on enzymatic phenol dearomatization and the mechanism of TenA-like P450s.     

不同B,Al分布对ZSM-5分子筛的甲醇制丙烯反应性能的影响

本文设计了两个系列的硼改性ZSM-5分子筛:一步法合成的B-Al-ZSM-5系列分子筛和两步法合成的Al-ZSM-5@BZSM-5核壳分子筛。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、扫描透射电子显微镜面扫(STEM mapping)、N——2物理吸附脱附、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、1,3,5-三异丙基苯(TIPB)裂解等表征发现,两个系列的样品中B1-Al-ZSM-5和Al@B1-ZSM-5,B2-Al-ZSM-5和Al@B2-ZSM-5以及B3-Al-ZSM-5和Al@B3-ZSM-5分别具有相似的织构性质、强弱酸量、酸强度和比例,以及不同的B、Al元素分布和酸分布。我们用这两个系列样品对比研究不同的强弱酸分布-强弱酸均匀分布和梯度分布对甲醇制丙烯(MTP)反应性能的影响。通过研究发现,强弱酸均匀分布的样品具有更高的丙烯选择性,归因于更低的整体强弱酸密度;而强弱酸梯度分布的样品具有更长的MTP反应寿命,归因于外表面上更低的强酸密度和更高的弱酸密度。