Real time microscopy, kinetics, and mechanism of giant fullerene evaporation

We report in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observing the shrinkage of single-layer giant fullerenes (GF). At temperatures approximately 2000 degrees C, the GF volume reduces by greater than one 100-fold while the fullerene shell remains intact, evolving from a slightly polygonized to a nearly spherical shape with a smaller diameter. The number of carbon atoms in the GF decreases linearly with time until the small subbuckyball cage opens and rapidly disappears. Theoretical modeling indicates that carbon atoms are removed predominantly from the weakest binding energy sites, i.e., the pentagons, leading to the constant evaporation rate. The fullerene cage integrity is attributed to the collective behavior of interacting defects. These results constitute the first experimental evidence for the "shrink-wrapping" and "hot-giant" fullerene formation mechanisms.     

Correlating off-stoichiometric doping and nanoscale electronic inhomogeneity in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

A microscopic theory is presented for the observed electronic disorder in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. The essential phenomenology is shown to be consistent with the existence of two types of interstitial oxygen dopants: those serving primarily as charge reservoirs and those close to the apical plane contributing both carriers and electrostatic potential to the CuO2 plane. The nonlinear screening of the latter produces nanoscale variations in the doped hole concentration, leading to electronic inhomogeneity. Based on an unrestricted Gutzwiller approximation of the extended t-J model, we provide a consistent explanation of the correlation between the observed dopant location and the pairing gap and its spatial evolutions. We show that the oxygen dopants are the primary cause of both the pairing gap disorder and the quasiparticle interference pattern.     

Structural phase transition of vanadium at 69 GPa

A phase transition was observed at 63-69 GPa and room temperature in vanadium with synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The transition is characterized as a rhombohedral lattice distortion of the body-centered-cubic vanadium without a discontinuity in the pressure-volume data, thus representing a novel type of transition that has never been observed in elements. Instead of driven by the conventional s-d electronic transition mechanism, the phase transition could be associated with the softening of C44 trigonal elasticity tensor that originates from the combination of Fermi surface nesting, band Jahn-Teller distortion, and electronic topological transition.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Pb(Zr1?xTix)O3复合梯度薄摸以及介电与热释电特性

"在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上用溶胶-凝胶法生长制备了PZT(Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3)复合梯度铁电薄膜． 薄膜最终结构由6层组成,"向上"梯度薄膜在Pt底电极上的第一层从PbZrO3开始,顶层是PZT(50/50),即第一层是PbZrO3,第二层PZT90/10 (10%Ti),第三层是PZT80/20,第四层PZT70/30,第五层PZT60/40,第六层PZT50/50．每一层与此相反的是"向下"梯度PZT薄膜．用X射线衍射、俄歇电子能谱和阻抗分析来研究梯度薄膜的结构与介电特性．600     

Evaluation of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-Coated Column for Enantioseparation with Azithromycin Lactobionate and Clindamycin Phosphate as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis

Chromatographia - In this study, a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticle (PGMA NP)-coated column system with two antibiotics as selector was constructed for enantioseparation. The PGMA NP...     

Rashba效应对量子线中束缚磁极化子性质的影响

采用改进的线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法研究了Rashba效应对抛物量子线中强耦合束缚磁极化子性质的影响.计算了抛物量子线中强耦合束缚磁极化子的有效质量和振动频率,对Rb Cl材料的数值计算结果表明:量子线中强耦合束缚磁极化子的振动频率随受限强度和回旋频率的增加而增大;有效质量与磁极化子的受限强度、回旋频率和电子面密度有关,在Rashba效应影响下有效质量随上述各量的变化曲线都发生了分裂.     

Determination of Trace Elements in Marine Cetaceans by ICP-MS and Health Risk AssessmentSCIEI北大核心CSCD

The liver, kidney and muscle samples from seven cetaceans were digested by microwave digestion, and trace elements amounts of V, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Mn, Se, Hg and Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the health risk assessment for Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Se in the liver was conducted. The results of international lobster hepatopancreas standard (TORT-2) showed acceptable agreement with the certified values, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of eleven kinds of trace elements were less than 3.54%, showing that the method is suitable for the determination of trace elements in cetaceans. The experimental results indicated that different tissues and organs of the dolphins had different trace elements, presenting the tissue specificity. There is a certain inter-species difference among different dolphins about the bioaccumulation ability of the trace elements. The distribution of trace elements in whales presented a certain regularity: the contents of most elements in liver, kidney were much higher than the contents of muscle tissues, Cu, Mn, Hg, Se, and Zn exhibit the higher concentrations in liver, while Cd was mainly accumulated in kidney. And according to the health risk assessment in liver, the exceeding standardrate of selenium and copper in seven kinds of whales was 100%, suggesting that these whales were suffering the contamination of trace elements. The experimental results is instructive to the study of trace elements in cetaceans, while this is the first report for the concentrations in organs of Striped dolphin, Bottlenose dolphin, Fraser's Dolphin and Risso's dolphin in China, it may provide us valuable data for the conservation of cetaceans.     

Dynamically assisted pair production for scalar QED by two fields

By solving the quantum Vlasov equation, the dynamically assisted pair production for scalar quantum electrodynamics (QED) is investigated. It is verified that this mechanism still holds true for boson pair production. Two combinations of two electric fields having different time scales under various time delays are considered; it is found that the oscillations of the momentum spectrum and the number density of created bosons decrease with increasing time delay, and the latter has a maximum value when the time delay equals zero. Furthermore, the differences in vacuum pair production between bosons and fermions are also studied, and they are helpful for distinguishing the created bosons from fermions.     

基于Matlab的势垒贯穿透射系数研究

粒子在经过一个势垒时,无论粒子能量和势垒高度存在怎样的关系,理论上都有一定的透射.本文用Matlab软件探讨了粒子对于宽度为n*a的势垒和n重宽度为a的势垒进行贯穿时的透射系数.研究结果说明:在E/U1情况下,宽度为na的势垒的贯穿透射系数较n重宽度为a的势垒的贯穿系数大;当E/U1时,情况则相反.     

Nephrotoxicity assessments of benzo(a)pyrene during zebrafish embryogenesis

Benzo(a)pyrene is a chemical produced during the process of making fried, roasted, and smoked foods. It remains unclear whether benzo(a)pyrene affects the early development of human organs. In this study, we used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(wt1b:GFP) as a model to assess benzo(a)pyrene-induced kidney malformation. By soaking zebrafish embryos in benzo(a)pyrene at various doses (2, 20, and 200 ppb), only a minor effect on the survival rate was detected (0 ppb: 97.8 ± 1.9 %; 2–200 ppb: 89.1 ± 5.8–91.5 ± 8.3 %). However, benzo(a)pyrene significantly affected the development of the kidney (malformation rates ranges from 50.0 ± 3.5 to 77.4 ± 5.3 %). Various abnormalities, such as unusual curving of pronephric tubes, swollen glomerulus, and incomplete development of pronephric ducts, were observed. This study provides a rapid and effective protocol for the evaluation of the notable effects of benzo(a)pyrene on embryonic kidney development.