Buildup mechanism of carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan self-assembled films

Films with different numbers of layers have been built by alternating the adsorption of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CHI) at different pH levels. The adsorption process was recorded by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The results showed that under all pH conditions considered, the growth of the films is nonlinear. The film construction performed at pH 4.0 (preferred assembly pH) with different numbers of bilayers (CMC/CHI as one bilayer) was also observed step by step by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Comparing the growth process from QCM with the surface morphological changes from AFM shows the existence of an inhomogeneous structure for the first nine bilayers, and, after a coalescence of islands, an increase in the number of bilayers was demonstrated. The possible growth mechanism was also evaluated.     

Hydrothermal preparation of hybrid carbon/silica monolithic capillary column for liquid chromatography

A simple, easy and economical approach for the preparation of a hybrid carbon/silica monolithic capillary column was described for the first time by using silica monolith as framework in combination with hydrothermal carbonization at 180°C. During the preparation process, formamide was introduced to the reaction solutions to reduce the dissolution rate of monolithic silica skeleton and its optimal concentration was 1.5 M. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and inverse size exclusion chromatography were carried out to characterize the as‐prepared column. The results demonstrated that carbon spheres ranging from 150 to 1000 nm were successfully attached to the surface of silica skeleton. The prepared hybrid carbon/silica column had a permeability of 4.4 × 10^?14 m². Chromatographic performance of the column was evaluated by separation of various compounds including alkylbenzenes, nucleosides and bases, and aromatic acids. The column exhibited an efficiency of 75 000 plates/m for butylbenzene at the optimal linear velocity of 0.23 mm/s. The successful separation of these compounds and the study on mechanism indicated that the column can be applied in mixed‐mode chromatography.     

基于磁响应光子晶体与量子点的多重变色防伪研究

结合Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ (M)超顺磁胶体粒子动态连续的磁致变色和碲化镉量子点(CdTe QDs)瞬时发射的光致发光特性, 采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体封装含有M胶体粒子和CdTe QDs的乙二醇(EG)微液滴, 制得了具有多重变色功能的M/QDs/EG/PDMS复合薄膜. 利用光学显微镜、光纤光谱仪、荧光光谱仪、数码相机、拉力试验机对复合薄膜的内部结构、光学性质及力学性能进行表征. 结果表明, 在外界磁场的诱导下, 复合薄膜瞬时呈现明亮的结构色, 且随着磁场强度的降低, 复合薄膜的衍射波长发生连续红移, 移动范围可达145 nm. 此外, 在紫外光的激发下, 复合薄膜可呈现特定波长的荧光发射, 具备良好的光致发光特性. 同时, 复合薄膜断裂伸长率可达132%, 表现出良好的弹性, 这为其附着在不同材料表面实现防伪应用提供了基础. 进一步地, 通过图案化设计, 可制得响应变色迅速、图案隐现可逆、颜色变化多样的防伪薄膜, 这有利于其在信息加密和高级别防伪领域中的应用.     

Effective strategy for polymer synthesis: multicomponent reactions and click polymerization

The rational selection of organic reactions in polymer synthesis is an important research content of polymer science. In recent years, multicomponent reaction as an efficient and green synthesis method has attracted the wide attention of researchers, injecting new and powerful vitality into the field of polymer synthesis. In the study of multicomponent reaction, researchers found the intersection of multicomponent reaction and click chemistry and put forward the concept of Multicomponent Click Reaction (MCR-Click), which is a kind of Multicomponent Reaction with high activity, atomic economy, and some green chemical properties. The application of MCR in polymer chemistry is reviewed in this paper. It is expected that this reaction will arouse the attention of polymer chemists and play a new role in polymer science.     

Pure Ion Chromatograms Combined with Advanced Machine Learning Methods Improve Accuracy of Discriminant Models in LC–MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics

Untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) can detect thousands of features in samples and produce highly complex datasets. The accurate extraction of meaningful features and the building of discriminant models are two crucial steps in the data analysis pipeline of untargeted metabolomics. In this study, pure ion chromatograms were extracted from a liquor dataset and left-sided colon cancer (LCC) dataset by K-means-clustering-based Pure Ion Chromatogram extraction method version 2.0 (KPIC2). Then, the nonlinear low-dimensional embedding by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) showed the separation of samples from different groups in reduced dimensions. The discriminant models were established by extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) based on the features extracted by KPIC2. Results showed that features extracted by KPIC2 achieved 100% classification accuracy on the test sets of the liquor dataset and the LCC dataset, which demonstrated the rationality of the XGBoost model based on KPIC2 compared with the results of XCMS (92% and 96% for liquor and LCC datasets respectively). Finally, XGBoost can achieve better performance than the linear method and traditional nonlinear modeling methods on these datasets. UMAP and XGBoost are integrated into KPIC2 package to extend its performance in complex situations, which are not only able to effectively process nonlinear dataset but also can greatly improve the accuracy of data analysis in non-target metabolomics.     

A new perspective for effect of S and Cu on the photocatalytic activity of S,Cu-codoped nano-TiO2 under visible light irradiation

Sulfur and copper codoped TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by sol-hydrothermal process. And the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectra analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra and X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that the S, Cu-codoped TiO₂ became amorphous with the increase of Cu content, and copper on the surface of TiO₂ existed in the oxidation state of Cu(II) while S in the form of S⁶⁺ species. And the codoped particles had higher surface area, smaller particle size, stronger spectral response in visible region compared with pure TiO₂. The effects of doping amount in a wide range, catalyst dosage, and recycle on the photocatalytic activity of the codoped catalysts were investigated with Acid Orange 7 as the model compound under visible light illumination (λ > 447 nm). The results showed that S (2.0 %), Cu (5.0 %) codoped TiO₂ had the highest visible light photocatalytic activity and good reusability performance. The kinetic study showed that this photocatalytic process coincided with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood pseudo first order reaction model.     

Heating performance enhancement for a road unit by using sectorial-finned pipe

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This study proposes a sectorial-finned pipe in the hydronic road heating system with a three-dimensional road model to enhance the road heating...     

Thermal performances of porous snow by a hydronic heating system at different weather conditions

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The snow on the road in the cold regions is easy to cause slippery conditions, which are dangerous for vehicles and people. To remove the slippery...     

Reversibly Switching the Charge State and Adsorption Location of A Single Potassium Atom on Ultrathin CuO Films

Potassium (K) cations are spontaneously formed upon thermal deposition of low‐coverage K onto an ultrathin CuO monolayer grown on Cu(110) and they were explored by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The formed K cations are highly immobile and thermally stable. The local work function around an individual K cation decreases by 1.5±0.3 eV, and a charging zone underneath it is established within about 1.0 nm. The cationic and neutral states of the K atom are switchable upon application of an STM bias voltage pulse, which is simultaneously accompanied by an adsorption site relocation.     

Predictable site-selective radical fluorination of tertiary ethers

In this communication,we disclose the first example of metal-free and site-selective radical fluorination of readily available tertiary alkyl ethers,enabled by synergistic photocatalysis and organocatalysis.This catalytic combination allows for exclusive fluorination of tertiary C–O bonds under mild conditions even in the presence of competing reaction sites.The excellent functional group tolerance affords valuable access to sterically hindered alkyl fluorides through late-stage modification of complex molecules.The successful use of tertiary alkyl ethers in radical fluorination enhances the structural diversity of aliphatic fluorides that can be derived from naturally abundant alcohols.