精神科学的逻辑演进—以诠释学为中心

随着自然科学革命的推进和传统人文领域的式微,精神科学的奠基逐渐被提上日程。精神科学、人文科学有没有自身的逻辑和方法论？这是19世纪下半叶以来哲学面临的重大问题,并在当今学术语境中依然显示出紧迫性。人文科学最初由维柯奠基,以诗性逻辑阐明人文知识的合法性,却忽略了知识的起源和有效性之区分;狄尔泰通过建构描述心理学和诠释学的方法论,在精神科学的奠基与证成上迈出关键的一步,不过他仍然没有摆脱传统认识论的框架;在精神科学的自我确证之路上,伽达默尔接力前行,其哲学诠释学证明了精神科学与理解的本质关系,确立理解的对话结构和精神科学的问答逻辑,由于这种逻辑主要局限于存在论/本体论层面的描述,故而隐含着认识论和实践价值上的相对主义危机。应在更高层面上展望一种存在论和认识论—方法论相统一的精神科学的对话逻辑,这种逻辑融合交互性、反思批判性、开放性和伦理性等元素于自身,不仅标识出精神科学的特质,也能为不同学科领域的交叉综合与创新提供助益。     

Seasonal variation of 129I species in the Baltic Proper

Iodine speciation plays a significant role in iodine volatilizing into atmosphere from the seas, as well as serving as a biological indicator. Despite this importance, the data on iodine species revealed inconclusive evidence of what factors controlling speciation transformation. We here present new data on profiles of ¹²⁹I speciation in the Baltic Proper during November 2009. Along with the two earlier investigations (August 2006 and April 2007), an assessment of seasonal variation of ¹²⁹I species is presented. The results show that, due to the anoxic nature of Baltic Proper, presence of ¹²⁹IO₃ ^? in the Baltic Proper does not follow an obvious seasonal cycle, as the case with ¹²⁹I^?. Concentrations of ¹²⁹I^? in the Baltic Proper exhibit higher values in summer than the other two seasons (spring and winter), which might be associated with degrading of organic matter and release from sediment to water column that is more pronounced during summer. ¹²⁹I^? in surface water from the three seasons does not reflect the release function from the reprocessing facilities during the period April 2007 to November 2009. Consequently variability of ¹²⁹I^? in surface seawater of the Baltic Proper depends, to some extent, on local physical as well as biochemical conditions.     

Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐pentaerythritol tetraacrylate‐co‐butyl methacrylate)‐g‐polystyrene: Synthesis and high oil‐absorption property

Well‐defined high oil‐absorption resin was successfully prepared via living radical polymerization on surface of polystyrene resin‐supported N‐chlorosulfonamide group utilizing methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate as monomers, ferric trichloride/iminodiacetic acid (FeCl₃/IDA) as catalyst system, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate as crosslinker, and L ‐ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The polymerization proceeded in a “living” polymerization manner as indicated by linearity kinetic plot of the polymerization. Effects of crosslinker, catalyst, macroinitiator, reducing agent on polymerization and absorption property were discussed in detail. The chemical structure of sorbent was determined by FTIR spectrometry. The oil‐absorption resin shows a toluene absorption capacity of 21 g g^?1. The adsorption of oil behaves as pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model rather than pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Synthesis of a benzoxazine with precisely two phenolic OH linkages and the properties of its high‐performance copolymers

A phenolic OH‐containing benzoxazine ( F‐ap ), which cannot be directly synthesized from the condensation of bisphenol F, aminophenol, and formaldehyde by traditional procedures, has been successfully prepared in our alternative synthetic approach. F‐ap was prepared by three steps including (a) condensation of 4‐aminophenol and 5,5'‐methylenebis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1) , (b) reduction of the resulting imine linkage by sodium borohydride, and (c) ring closure condensation by formaldehyde. The key starting material, (1) , was prepared from 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and s‐trioxane in the presence of sulfuric acid. F‐ap is structurally similar to bis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)methane ( F‐a, a commercial benzoxazine based on bisphenol F/aniline/formaldehyde) except for two phenolic OHs. The phenolic OHs can provide reaction sites with epoxy and 1,1'‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI). The structure–property relationships between the thermosets of F‐ap /epoxy, F‐a /epoxy, F‐ap /BMI, and F‐a /BMI were discussed. Experimental data showed that thermosets based on F‐ap /epoxy and F‐ap /BMI provided much better thermal properties than those based on F‐a /epoxy and F‐a /BMI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2686–2694     

Polymeric ytterbium(ii) complex with pyridyl amido ligands

The reaction of potassium pyridyl amido ligand {L = [N(R)(2-C5H3N-6-Me)]–, R = CH2But} with YbI2(thf)2 afforded the linear polymeric complex [K0.5(L)3YbiiK0.5]n, which was characterized by X-ray structure analysis.     

Ag/InP Schottky结热退化机理的研究

Ag/InP Schottky结是制作TE场助光电阴极的关键,本文利用Auger分析技术,详细地研究了热处理对Ag/InPSchottky结界面特性的影响。实验结果表明高温长时间热处理会导致严重界面相互扩散,同时使Schottky结的势垒高度降低,理想因子增大,泡利负电性理论很好地解释了扩散效应。势垒高度的降低及理想因子的增大也是由界面互扩散造成的,这种扩散导致界面特性由Schotthy特性向欧姆性质转化。为防止界面互扩散及Schottky结特性的退化,可选用负电性小的金属制作Schottky结,并在工艺上尽量减少热处理的温度和时间。     

On Vector Quasi-Equilibrium Problems with Set-Valued Maps

In this paper, we introduce a new class of vector quasi-equilibrium problems with set-valued maps. Almost all the vector equilibrium models of the Blum-Oettli type in the literature are special cases of our new class of equilibrium problems under consideration. Moreover, a number of C-diagonal quasiconvexity properties are proposed for set-valued maps, which are natural generalizations of the -diagonal quasiconvexity for real functions. Together with an application of continuous selection and fixed-point theorems, these conditions enable us to prove unified existence results of solutions for such vector equilibrium problems.     

An Algorithm to Construct <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">k</Emphasis>-Regular <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">k</Emphasis>-Connected Graphs with the Maximum <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">k</Emphasis>-Diameter

 Let f(2m,k) be the Maximum k-diameter of k-regular k-connected graphs on 2m vertices. In this paper we give an algorithm and prove that we can construct k-regular k-connected graphs on 2m vertices with the maximum k-diameter using it. We also prove some known results about f(2m,k) and verify that we can get some unknown values of f(2m,k) by our algorithm. Received: December 1, 2000 Final version received: March 12, 2002 Acknowledgments. We thank the referee for many useful suggestions.