低温原子化石墨炉原子吸收法测定环境和生物样中的镉

本文描述了以氩/氢混合气体作保护气体,测定环境和生物样品中痕量镉的石墨炉原子吸收法。实验证明,与纯氩气作保护气体相比较用氩/氢混合气体作保护气体,能够降低镉的原子化温度(100℃),并且减少基体物质如MgCl_2和NaClO_4的干扰。这种改善氯化物和高氯酸盐基体干扰的机理,主要是由于氢的存在与基体中的氯形成高离解能的氯化氢,从而避免了通常在镉原子化之前形成易挥发的氯化镉而损失。用本方法测定了七种标准参考物质,结果与标准值一致,证明方法是可靠的。     

双甘肽稀土配合物溶液结构的13C和1H NMR研究

~(13)C and ~1H NMR technique was used to study the interaction of Gly-Gly with heavy lanthanide cations Dy~(3+), Ho~(3+), Er~(3+), Tm~(3+) and Yb~(3+) in aqueous solution. The stability constants for the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of Gly-Gly with Ho~(3+) and Yb~(3+) were determined from the titration curves of chemical shift versus concentration ratio of lanthanide to Gly-Gly. The solution structure of the Ln-Gly-Gly complex was analyzed based upon the ~(13)C and ~1H lanthanide-induced shifts and the results show that in the complex Gly-Gly is coordinated to the lanthanide ion through the carboxyl oxygens with the backbone of the ligand in an extended state.     

冰晶石-氧化铝熔体结构的计算机模拟研究

用Monte Carlo法对冰晶石-氧化铝系熔体结构作了计算机模拟研究。结果表明: 熔体中既有含“氧桥”和“氟桥”的“多核”离子集团, 如F3Al-O-AlF_3、F_3Al-AlF_3、F_3Al—F—AlF_3—F等; 也有“单核”离子集团如AlF_5~(2-)、AlOF_3~(2-)等。熔体中还存在较松散的xNa~+·yF~-离子集团。熔体中不存在AlO_2~-或AlO_3~(3-)集团。     

Photodissociation dynamics of pyridine

Photodissociation of pyridine, 2,6-d2-pyridine, and d5-pyridine at 193 and 248 nm was investigated separately using multimass ion imaging techniques. Six dissociation channels were observed at 193 nm, including C5NH5 --> C5NH4 + H (10%) and five ring opening dissociation channels, C5NH5 --> C4H4 + HCN, C5NH5 --> C3H3 + C2NH2, C5NH5 --> C2H4 +C3NH, C5NH5 --> C4NH2 + CH3 (14%), and C5NH5 --> C2H2 + C3NH3. Extensive H and D atom exchanges of 2,6-d2-pyridine prior to dissociation were observed. Photofragment translational energy distributions and dissociation rates indicate that dissociation occurs in the ground electronic state after internal conversion. The dissociation rate of pyridine excited by 248-nm photons was too slow to be measured, and the upper limit of the dissociation rate was estimated to be 2x10(3) s(-1). Comparisons with potential energies obtained from ab initio calculations and dissociation rates obtained from the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory have been made.     

Rapid 3-dimensional shape determination of globular proteins by mobility capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry

Established high-throughput proteomics methods provide limited information on the stereostructures of proteins. Traditional technologies for protein structure determination typically require laborious steps and cannot be performed in a high-throughput fashion. Here, we report a new medium throughput method by combining mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) and native mass spectrometry (MS) for the 3-dimensional (3D) shape determination of globular proteins in the liquid phase, which provides both the geometric structure and molecular mass information of proteins. A theory was established to correlate the ion hydrodynamic radius and charge state distribution in the native mass spectrum with protein geometrical parameters, through which a low-resolution structure (shape) of the protein could be determined. Our test data of 11 different globular proteins showed that this approach allows us to determine the shapes of individual proteins, protein complexes and proteins in a mixture, and to monitor protein conformational changes. Besides providing complementary protein structure information and having mixture analysis capability, this MCE and native MS based method is fast in speed and low in sample consumption, making it potentially applicable in top–down proteomics and structural biology for intact globular protein or protein complex analysis.

Using native mass spectrometry and mobility capillary electrophoresis, the ellipsoid dimensions of globular proteins or protein complexes could be measured efficiently.     

Binding of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides and synthetic oligomannose clusters to human antibody 2G12: implications for HIV-1 vaccine design

Human antibody 2G12 broadly neutralizes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates and shows protective activity against viral challenge in animal models. Previous mutational analysis suggested that 2G12 recognized a novel cluster of high-mannose type oligosaccharides on HIV-1 gp120. To explore the carbohydrate antigen for HIV-1 vaccine design, we have studied the binding of 2G12 to an array of HIV-1 high-mannose type oligosaccharides by competitive ELISAs and found that Man9GlcNAc is 210- and 74-fold more effective than Man5GlcNAc and Man6GlcNAc in binding to 2G12. The results establish that the larger high-mannose oligosaccharide on HIV-1 is the favorable subunit for 2G12 recognition. To mimic the putative epitope of 2G12, we have created scaffold-based multivalent Man9 clusters and found that the galactose-scaffolded bi-, tri-, and tetra-valent Man9 clusters are 7-, 22-, and 73-fold more effective in binding to 2G12 than the monomeric Man9GlcNAc2Asn. The experimental data shed light on further structural optimization of epitope mimics for developing a carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccine.     

Carbon-carbon bond cleavage in the photoionization of ethanol and 1-propanol clusters

Tunable VUV laser was used to initiate the ion-molecule reactions in the clusters of ethanol and 1-propanol by photoionization in the region between 10.49 to 10.08 eV. Ionic products were detected by the time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In addition to the protonated clusters from proton transfer reactions, the products corresponding to beta carbon-carbon bond cleavage were found to be one of the major products for small sizes of clusters. A comparison with photoionization of methanol clusters and the results of ab initio calculation has been made.     

Study on open tubular capillary affinity liquid chromatography

A novel mode of affinity chromatography (AC) based on an open tubular capillary column (OTAC) is demonstrated. The OTAC column is prepared by immobilizing Cibacron blue F3GA onto the inner surface of a 50-microm-i.d. capillary column. The AC experiment is performed on a capillary electrophoresis instrument by using its pressure system as the driving force. Bovine serum albumin and lysozyme (Lys) are successfully separated with stepwise gradient elution. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the elution time of the retained Lys is 0.08%, and good repeatability of its peak area and peak height with an RSD value lower than 2.12% for 10 consecutive runs is observed. The loading capacity and detection limit for the retained Lys are approximately 36 ng and 8.6 ng, respectively. It is also found that the amount of protein adsorbed is unaffected by the flow rate of the loading buffer, and OTAC can be used for the fast determination of biopolymers. Some of the advantages of OTAC over conventional modes of open tubular capillary liquid chromatography are that the detection sensitivity and loading capacity of a sample can be greatly improved, because the relatively large inner diameter of the capillary can be adopted and the whole capillary column can be used to adsorb the solute in OTAC.     

简法合成甲地孕酮

本文报道了合成甲地孕酮的简便方法,即以17α-乙酰氧基-黄体酮(3)为原料,将其烯醇醚(4)经Mannich反应,或将△~(3,5)-3,17α-二乙酰氧基-黄体酮(2)与二乙氧基甲烷反应,生成6-次甲基-17α-乙酰氧基-黄体酮(5),然后将5用钯/碳酸钙作催化剂转位得目的物甲地孕酮(6b),总收率分别为56%和50%(均以17α-羟基-黄体酮(1)为起始物)。