单原子材料在二氧化碳催化中的技术经济分析与产业化应用前景

近年来, 随着科学研究的不断深入, 单原子催化剂由于具有高活性与高选择性等突出特点被广泛挖掘和应用. 作为连接多相与均相催化的桥梁, 单原子催化剂已经成为催化领域的重要研究对象之一, 具有广泛的工业化应用前景. 本文对单原子催化剂的发展历程、 特点及其在不同领域的应用进行了概括, 综合评述了当前CO₂还原领域的技术经济分析, 并首次对单原子材料催化转化CO₂进行了技术经济分析与计算. 最后, 对单原子催化剂在CO₂还原领域中工业化应用的未来发展方向及亟需解决的关键科学和技术问题进行了展望, 以期推动单原子催化材料的进一步广泛应用.     

聚合物固态电解质–高电压正极界面稳定性研究进展

聚合物固态电解质相比于液态电解质表现出更良好的热稳定性,并且对比无机固态电解质具有机械性能好、耐候性好和易加工成型等特点,因此在下一代高能量密度储能装置中极具应用潜能.然而,固态电解质与正负极材料之间的界面稳定性问题阻碍了其实际应用.本文总结了锂离子聚合物固态电解质的关键特性,讨论了聚合物固态电解质与高电压正极的普遍界面问题,包括界面接触不良与界面不稳定问题.分析了导致高电压富镍氧化物正极材料与聚合物固态电解质严重界面问题的主要因素,针对相关因素总结了缓解界面问题的有效策略,并展望了未来聚合物固态电解质与富镍层状氧化物的界面性能提升的研究方向,为基于聚合物固态电解质与高电压正极材料固态锂电池的研究提供参考.     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化异甘草素的研究

研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化异甘草素的工艺条件及参数。通过研究HPD-600、D4020、D101、AB-8、NKA-II、AL-2和NKA-9树脂对异甘草素的吸附和解吸附能力,筛选最佳树脂为AB-8,并研究了其对异甘草素的吸附和解吸附性能,确定了最佳的吸附与解吸附工艺参数,吸附:pH=5,室温,流速1.5BV/h,溶液处理量为5BV;脱附:洗脱剂为70%的乙醇溶液,流速1BV/h,洗脱剂用量4.5BV。异甘草素样品溶液经AB-8树脂吸附与脱附后回收率为76.7%,纯度由2.02%提高到29.1%,提高了14.4倍。实验结果表明,AB-8树脂对异甘草素的吸附量大,脱附容易,可以应用于异甘草素的分离纯化。     

Novel C-C bond formation through addition of ammonium ylides to arylaldehydes: a facile approach to beta-aryl-beta-hydroxy alpha-amino acid frameworks

Ammonium ylides generated in situ from [small alpha]-diazo esters and amines in the presence of catalytic Rh2(OAc)4, undergo an aldol-type reaction with aldehydes affording highly substituted amino acid frameworks in a convergent, three-component reaction.     

基于热力学分析方法研究废铅膏含铅组分的浸出行为

基于热力学分析方法,借助Medusa分析软件,分析了废铅膏主要含铅组分在枸橼酸钠-柠檬酸绿色回收浸出体系中的浸出行为,并与实际制备所得产物的物相表征结果进行了对比分析.结果表明： pH值为2.3~4.5,电位为0~1.2 V时,浸出的稳定物相为Pb（Hcit）;pH值为4.5~7.5,电位为0~1.2 V时,浸出体系的稳定物相为Pb₂（Cit）₂^2-,其与游离的Pb²⁺可进一步络合.产物的物相表征结果与热力学结果基本吻合,表明以Medusa为媒介的热力学分析方法可用于废铅膏主要含铅组分的浸出过程和转化规律研究.     

Sm(DBM)3Phen-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) for three-dimensional multilayered optical memory

We report on the formation of submicrometer voids within Sm(DBM)3Phen-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under multiphoton absorption excited by an infrared laser beam. An ultrashort-pulsed laser beam with a pulse width of 200 fs at a wavelength of 800 nm is focused into doped PMMA. The large changes in refractive index and the fluorescence associated with a void allow conventional optical microscopy and reflection-type confocal microscopy to be used as detection methods. Voids can be arranged in a three-dimensional multilayered structure for high-density optical data storage.     

Field-Tuned Superconductor-Insulator Transition with and without Current Bias

The magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition has been studied in ultrathin beryllium films quench condensed near 20 K. In the zero-current limit, a finite-size scaling analysis yields the scaling exponent product nuz = 1.35+/-0.10 and a critical sheet resistance, R(c), of about 1.2R(Q), with R(Q) = h/4e(2). However, in the presence of dc bias currents that are smaller than the zero-field critical currents, nuz becomes 0.75+/-0.10. This new set of exponents suggests that the field-tuned transitions with and without a dc bias current belong to different universality classes.     

Synthesis,characterization and cytotoxicity of Pt(II), Pd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 4’‐substituted terpyridine

Eight novel Pt(II), Pd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 4’‐substituted terpyridine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR, NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance, high‐resolution mass spectrometry and molar conductivity measurements. The cytotoxicity of these complexes against HL‐60, BGC‐823, KB and Bel‐7402 cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. All the complexes displayed cytotoxicity with low IC₅₀ values (<20 μm ) and showed selectivity. Complexes 3 , 5 , 7 and 8 exerted 9‐, 5‐, 12‐ and 7‐fold higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against Bel‐7402 cell line. The cytotoxicity of complexes 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 and 8 was higher than that of cisplatin against BGC‐823 cell line. Complexes 3 , 7 and 8 showed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin against KB cell line. Complex 7 exhibited higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against HL‐60 cell line. Among these complexes, complex 7 demonstrated the highest in vitro cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 1.62, 3.59, 2.28 and 0.63 μm against HL‐60, BGC‐823, Bel‐7402 and KB cells lines, respectively. The results suggest that the cytotoxicity of these complexes is related to the nature of the terminal group of the ligand, the metal center and the leaving groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.