氧化石墨烯负载的Pt单原子催化硼胺烷水解机理的理论研究

本文研究了氧化石墨烯负载Pt单原子(Pt₁/Gr-O)催化硼胺烷(NH₃BH₃)全水解反应机理,即一分子的NH₃BH₃生成三分子的氢气(H₂)的过程. 在水解路径中,首先吸附的硼胺烷连续断裂两个B-H键生成第一分子的H₂. 接着,一个H₂O分子与^*BHNH₃基团(^*表示吸附态)反应生成^*BH(H₂O)NH₃,其中伸长的O-H键断裂后形成^*BH(OH)NH₃. 然后,第二个H₂O与^*BH(OH)NH₃反应生成^*BH(OH)(H₂O)NH₃,在指向Pt₁/Gr-O表面的O-H断裂后,生成BH(OH)₂NH₃并脱附到水溶液中. 两个水分子脱氢产生的两个H原子脱附生成第二个H₂分子,且Pt₁/Gr-O催化剂恢复. 脱附后的BH(OH)₂NH₃在水溶液中水解生成第三个H₂分子. 纵观整个水解反应,H₂O分子和^*BHNH₃基团的结合是反应速控步,其反应能垒是16.1 kcal/mol. 因此,Pt₁/Gr-O有希望成为室温催化NH₃BH₃全水解催化剂.     

A More Efficient Contextuality Distillation Protocol

Based on the fact that both nonlocality and contextuality are resource theories, it is natural to ask how to amplify them more efficiently. In this paper, we present a contextuality distillation protocol which produces an n-cycle box B ? B ^′ from two given n-cycle boxes B and B ^′. It works efficiently for a class of contextual n-cycle (n ≥?4) boxes which we termed as “the generalized correlated contextual n-cycle boxes”. For any two generalized correlated contextual n-cycle boxes B and B ^′, B ? B ^′ is more contextual than both B and B ^′. Moreover, they can be distilled toward to the maximally contextual box C H _n as the times of iteration goes to infinity. Among the known protocols, our protocol has the strongest approximate ability and is optimal in terms of its distillation rate. What is worth noting is that our protocol can witness a larger set of nonlocal boxes that make communication complexity trivial than the protocol in Brunner and Skrzypczyk (Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 160403 2009), this might be helpful for exploring the problem that why quantum nonlocality is limited.     

清代绿色蟠龙邮票印刷材料无损分析

利用超景深三维视频显微镜, 激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪和扫描电镜-能谱仪对一张清代绿色蟠龙邮票样品的纸张, 油墨等印刷材料进行无损分析。结果表明,该样票采用手工雕刻凹版印刷,所用承印物为长纤维机制纸,未经过涂布, 无水印, 背胶;纸张填料中含有Al, Si等元素,推断纸张填料可能是高岭土(Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·2H₂O)之类的物质。绿色油墨包含了蓝色普鲁士蓝(Prussian Blue,Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃·14-16H₂O)和黄色铬酸铅[Lead(Ⅱ) chromate,PbCrO₄]颜料,根据印刷色彩学色料减色和色光加色理论分析,邮票样品呈现的绿色是由蓝色颜料普鲁士蓝和黄色颜料铬酸铅混合呈色的结果;油墨填料中含有Na, Mg, S, Cl, K, Ca, V, Zn, Ba等元素,推断油墨填料为MgCO₃, CaCO₃, BaSO₄等物质。上述三项技术联用,在邮票等纸质品的无损分析中具有广阔的应用前景。     

不同提取方法对红茶提取物抗氧化活性影响的研究

采取沸水浴法、回流法、微波法及超声波法探讨信阳红茶和印度红茶的抗氧化性,通过测定吸光度利用Fenton反应表征提取物对羟自由基的清除率.不同的提取方法对红茶抗氧化活性有一定的影响,羟自由基的清除率与红茶的抗氧化活性成正比.结果表明:信阳红茶沸水浴法提取率较高,印度红茶超声波法提取率较高.     

稀土元素分析

本文对2006～2010年间我国稀土元素分析化学方面的进展进行了综述,内容包括重量法和滴定法、分光光度法、分子荧光和发光法、原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、质谱法、电化学法、气体分析及色谱等其它方法,引用文献251篇。     

微波消解/ICP-MS法测定不同地点三种马先蒿16种元素

利用微波消解/ICP-MS法对三种马先蒿中16种元素进行了含量测定,该方法的加样回收率在95%～102%之间,相对标准偏差在1.24%～2.18%之间,具有较高的准确度和精确度。结果表明不同种马先蒿各元素的含量均有所不同,而且不同种马先蒿中各元素与海拔有不同的线性关系。实验结果为马先蒿的药效性和药理、毒理提供理论依据。     

平面壁限制的高分子链末端距及其概率分布

The problem of polymer chains near an impenetrable plane is investigated by means of the probability method. It is shown that the 2kth moment of the reduced normal component of the end-to-end distance A2k only depends on the reduced distance to the plane of the first segment AZ0, here, A=l－ 1· , n is the chain length, l is the bond length and fixed to be unity, which can be expressed as A2k=f(AZ0). When AZ0≈ 0, A2k is the maximum(A2k=k!), then it decreases rapidly and soon reaches the minimum with the increase of AZ0, afterwards A2k goes up gradually and reaches the limit value [(2k－ 1)× (2k－ 3)× … × 1]/2k when AZ0 is large enough. Suggesting that the polymer chain can be significantly elongated for small Z0 and contracted for an intermediate range of Z0 due to the barrier. The distribution of the end-to-end distance also depends on the distance Z0 to the plane of the first segment.     

马家塔煤及其显微组分的加氢液化特征

用Fe2O3作催化剂,硫黄为助催化剂,脱晶蒽油为循环溶剂,在反应温度为450度,初始氢压为10MPa,反应时间为60min的实验条件下,在微型高压釜内对马家塔原料煤及其显微组分的加氢液化特征进行了系统研究,镜质组的液化反应性高于惰质组,在原料煤,镜质组和惰质组这三种实验原料中,原料煤的液化反应性是最高的,对总转化率和油收率而言,原料煤＞镜质组＞惰质组,对沥青烯产率而言,原料煤＞惰质组＞镜质组,水产率则是镜质组＞原料煤＞惰质组,气产率为惰质组＞镜质组＞原料煤,原料煤,镜质组和惰质组在加氢液化过程中所产生的气体在组成上也是有所差异的,各显微组分在加氢液化过程中可能存在着协同作用。     

Prediction of the Conductance of Strong Electrolytes and the Calculation of the Ionization Constant of Weak Electrolytes in a Dilute Solution by a New Equation

In order to predict the conductance for dilute 1-1 valent electrolyte solutions,a new conductance equation was proposed based on the Onsager and Onsagar-Fuoss-Chen conductance equation.It has only one parameter A,which can be obtained directly from the data of ionic limiting molar conductivity Λ∞m,and its expression is very simple.The new equation has been verified by the experimental molar conductivities of some single strong electrolyte and mixed electrolyte solutions at 298.15 K reported in literatures.The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.Meanwhile the ionization constants of some weak electrolyte solutions were calculated by a modified equation of this new equation,and it was also found that the calculation results are in good agreement with the data in the literature.     

城市综合实力增长的比较

本文基于多个总体的主成分分析方法,对城市综合实力增长的比较进行一些探索性的研究。对我国十八个大城市１９９４年、１９９５年和１９９６年的八个指标用多个总体的主成分分析方法进行分析,通过检验和计算,得到这三个总体的公共主成分子空间。取公共主成分子空间的一正交基作为这三个总体的新的主成分ＰＲＩＮ１的系数,此主成分即表示城市综合实力。计算出各城市任意两年间的综合实力差值,以此作为城市综合实力增长的度量,对城市综合实力增长再作主成分分析,即得到有效的城市综合实力增长的比较方法