Design of Enhanced Catalysts by Coupling of Noble Metals (Au,Ag) with Semiconductor SnO2 for Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol

The reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (Nip) into 4‐aminophenol (Amp) by NaBH₄, which is catalyzed by both binary and ternary yolk–shell noble‐metal/SnO₂ heterostructures, is reported. The binary heterostructures contain individual Au or Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and the ternary heterostructures contain both Au and Ag NPs. The Au@SnO₂ yolk–shell NPs are synthesized via a silica seeds‐mediated hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the Au@SnO₂@Ag and Au@SnO₂@Au yolk–shell–shell (YSS) NPs are synthesized, whereby SnO₂ is located between the Au and Ag NPs. The morphology, composition, and optical properties of the as‐prepared samples are analyzed. For the binary heterostructures, the rate of the reduction reaction increases with decreasing particle size. The catalytic results demonstrate the synergistic effect of Au and Ag in the ternary metal–semiconductor heterostructures, which is beneficial to the catalytic reduction of Nip into Amp. Both the binary and ternary heterostructures exhibit significantly better catalytic performances than the corresponding bare Au and Ag NPs. It is envisaged that the current synthesized strategy will promote further interest in the field of bimetal NP‐based catalysis.     

用于同步辐射光源的成像板粉末衍射系统

报道了我们研制的一套成像板粉末衍射装置,对其误差来源进行了详细的分析讨论,并与衍射仪进行了比较.该装置的半径为143.3mm,最大测量角度范围不160°，最大角度(2q )偏差小于0.03°,这些性能指标已被实验所证实,完全可应用于粉末衍射全谱的测量.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯掺杂Ce3+的飞秒激光三维信息存储

用飞秒激光(200 fs,1 kHz,800 nm)脉冲在掺杂稀土离子Ce3 的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)膜中进行了光存储实验研究,包括对样品的吸收光谱、激光照射前后的电子旋转共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)光谱的测量和讨论。结果表明掺杂稀土离子Ce3 的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯膜具有较低的写入阈值,有利于高速、并行的三维光存储。实验结果采用传统光学显微镜并行读出。给出了四层存储结果(点间距和层间距分别是4μm和16μm),并讨论了脉冲能量的大小对空腔尺寸的影响,进行高密度存储时,在保证读出信号灰度值足够大的情况下,应选择尽量小的激光脉冲写入能量。实验结果表明这种材料可以应用于三维光信息存储。     

基于光谱特征的北京城区植被滞尘分布反演

植被叶片的滞尘量可以表征空气污染的程度, 分析城市植被滞尘的空间特征对于制定更为有效的空气污染控制政策具有重要的现实意义。基于北京市主城区采集的大叶黄杨、国槐、毛白杨和山桃等四种典型绿化植被叶片的滞尘量、光谱反射率和叶面积等数据,比较四种植被叶片滞尘前后的光谱曲线,进行窄波段与卫星波段滞尘前后叶片光谱反射率比值与滞尘量的相关分析。然后,分别建立相关性最大的卫星波段反射率和NDVI与滞尘量之间的回归模型, 选取拟合较好的模型反演北京城区植被的滞尘量分布,进而插值得到整个北京城区的尘埃分布。最后,根据高滞尘区域周围的土地覆盖和土地利用以及滞尘期间PM₁₀浓度的空间分布对反演的的合理性进行检验。结果表明：在780~1 300 nm波段,大叶黄杨、国槐、毛白杨和山桃四种植被的滞尘叶片反射率均明显低于干净叶片;窄波段反射率与滞尘量在520~650 nm波段和1 390~1 600 nm波段具有较高的相关性,相关系数的绝对值最高达到0.626;利用Landsat8的green波段和NDVI构建的滞尘反演模型,决定系数(R2)分别为0.446和0.465。NDVI模型反演的北京城区植被的滞尘量分布结果表明,北京城区滞尘含量呈现出北高南低,东高西低,中心城区高于郊区的空间分布格局。该研究通过高光谱和遥感影像数据反演滞尘量,可以为快速全面监测城市地区尘埃分布提供参考。     

Double peaks on ac magnetization in a superconducting Pb-porous glass nanocomposite

Studies of temperature dependences of ac magnetization were carried out for a superconducting lead-porous glass nanocomposite. Double peaks were found on the imaginary part of ac magnetization which were accompanied with double steps on the real part. The lower-temperature anomalies in ac magnetization differed noticeably when they were obtained upon cooling and warming. The double peaks were treated as two phase transitions in the vortex system: the liquid-solid transition which occurs close to the onset of superconductivity and solid-solid one which is triggered by superconductivity in confined lead islands.     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态启动特性的实验研究

实际应用时燃料电池的运行条件会随时间不断地变化,因此是一个非稳态过程.本文研究了在不同的加湿条件以及反应气流量下电池的启动特性.结果表明:随着气体流量的增大,电池启动速度加快;对电池加湿有利于提高电池的启动性能.     

金纳米薄膜导电和导热性质的实验研究

由于尺寸效应和晶界效应的影响,纳米薄膜在导电和导热方面呈现出与体材料不同的性质.本文实验研究了不同厚度(20～54 nm)金薄膜在不同温度(100～340 K)的导电、导热性质.测量结果显示,薄膜的电导率和热导率比体材料小,洛伦兹数比体材料大,Wiedemann-Franz定律不再成立.随着厚度增加,薄膜的电导率,热导率和电阻温度系数都增加.薄膜热导率随温度变化趋势与体材料相反,随着温度升高而升高.电导率随温度变化趋势与体材料相同,随着温度升高而降低;但薄膜没有体材料对温度变化敏感,导致电阻温度系数下降.     

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of bulk fin field effect transistor

In this paper,we investigate the performance of the bulk fin field effect transistor(FinFET) through a threedimensional(3D) full band Monte Carlo simulator with quantum correction.Several scattering mechanisms,such as the acoustic and optical phonon scattering,the ionized impurity scattering,the impact ionization scattering and the surface roughness scattering are considered in our simulator.The effects of the substrate bias and the surface roughness scattering near the Si/SiO2 interface on the performance of bulk FinFET are mainly discussed in our work.Our results show that the on-current of bulk FinFET is sensitive to the surface roughness and that we can reduce the substrate leakage current by modulating the substrate bias voltage.     

Giant magnetocurrent in triple-barrier ferromagnetic resonant-tunneling diode with different magnetization configurations

The authors theoretically investigate a triple-barrier ferromagnetic resonant-tunneling diode composing nonmagnetic couple wells and three GaMnN magnetic barriers, in which two kinds of antiparallel configurations are formed by changing the relative orientation of magnetization in the barriers. Based on a two-band model, the achievement of large magnetocurrents in the resonant bias regime is proposed under an optimal magnetization configuration. The magnetocurrents in both antiparallel configurations of triple-barrier system are much higher than that in double-barrier structure.     

质量非均匀分布的烟囱在倾倒过程中的力学分析

烟囱倒塌的过程中可能会在某处断裂.本文研究了质量非均匀的烟囱倾倒过程中各部位的受力与扭矩,并通过扭矩极大值点找出烟囱断裂位置.