Highly dispersed sulfur in multi-walled carbon nanotubes for lithium/sulfur battery

A facile method is developed for homogeneous dispersion of sulfur (S) nanoparticles in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The process involves the modification of MWCNTs via oxidation catalyzed by acid and the introduction of sulfur nanoparticles into the MWCNTs through direct precipitation. The resulting sample (precipitated S/MWCNTs) is characterized with scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, and its performance as cathode of lithium/sulfur battery is investigated with a comparison of the sample prepared by ball-milling (ball-milling S/MWCNTs). It is found that the precipitated S/MWCNTs exhibit better battery performance than the ball-milling S/MWCNTs. The initial discharge capacity is 1,299 mA?h?g^?1 for the precipitated S/MWCNTs but only 839 mA?h?g^?1 for ball-milling S/MWCNTs at 0.02 C. The capacity remains 800 mA?h?g^?1 for the precipitated S/MWCNTs but only 620 mA?h?g^?1 for ball-milling S/MWCNTs at 0.05 C after 50 cycles. The better performance of the precipitated S/MWCNTs results from the improved uniformity of S dispersed in MWCNTs through precipitation.     

A cylindrical standing wave ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer

A cylindrical standing wave ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer was proposed in this paper. The proposed stator contains a cylinder and a bending vibration transducer. The two combining sites between the cylinder and the transducer locate at the adjacent wave loops of bending vibration of the transducer and have a distance that equal to the half wave length of bending standing wave excited in the cylinder. Thus, the bending mode of the cylinder can be excited by the bending vibration of the transducer. Two circular cone type rotors are pressed in contact to the end rims of the teeth, and the preload between the rotors and stator is accomplished by a spring and nut system. The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed. The motion trajectories of teeth were deduced. The stator was designed and analyzed with FEM. A prototype motor was fabricated and measured. Typical output of the prototype is no-load speed of 165 rpm and maximum torque of 0.45 N m at an exciting voltage of 200 V_rms.     

Error Estimates and Superconvergence of Mixed Finite Element Methods for Optimal Control Problems with Low Regularity

In this paper, we investigate the error estimates and superconvergence property of mixed finite element methods for elliptic optimal control problems. The state and co-state are approximated by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control variable is approximated by piecewise constant functions. We derive $L^2$ and $L^\infty$-error estimates for the control variable. Moreover, using a recovery operator, we also derive some superconvergence results for the control variable. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the theoretical results.     

弹簧刚度对被动步行的稳定性影响

由人类步行的生物力学研究得到启发,在被动双足步行机器人的髋关节处引入了扭簧,并通过仿真和试验研究了弹簧刚度对被动步行稳定性的影响.在仿真中,用胞映射方法计算被动步行机器人的吸引盆,并用吸引盆来衡量机器人的稳定性,研究了弹簧刚度对被动步行吸引盆大小的影响. 仿真结果表明, 吸引盆随着弹簧刚度的增大而增大. 在试验中,使机器人在各弹簧刚度参数下沿斜坡向下行走100次,记录下行走到头的次数作为稳定性的度量. 试验结果表明, 存在一个大小适中的弹簧刚度使机器人稳定性最大. 对弹簧提高机器人稳定性的原因进行了分析,对造成仿真与试验之间差异的原因进行了分析.      

A method to change frictional characteristics based on ultrasonic micro driving technique

In order to reduce friction force and eliminate stick-slip phenomenon of a mechanic system at a low velocity, a method based on the ultrasonic micro driving technique to change the frictional characteristics is proposed. Exciting clockwise and anticlockwise microscopic elliptical motion of driving points on the ultrasonic actuator's two longitudinal bolt-clamped vibrators will generate ultrasonic lubrication action; furthermore, the friction can be actively controlled by adjusting the vibrators' vibrating amplitude. An experimental installation for friction control is designed using aerostatic guide, force sensors and a low speed moment motor. Fuzzy control theory is applied into this system. The experiments indicate the friction force has been reduced largely and the motion of the experimental system is stable. The friction coefficient is only about 0.0053 when the total mass of the ultrasonic actuator and load is 3.8 kg and the motor's driving velocity is 0.5 mm/s.     

二硫苏糖醇直接光度法测定钴离子含量

为建立简便、灵敏测定钴离子含量的方法,在表面活性剂存在下,用二硫苏糖醇(DTT)为显色剂测定钴离子.结果表明,该法线性范围0～6.00 mmol/L,平均回收率为99.4%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为0.022、0.038,与原子吸收法比较具有良好的相关性,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为y =0.997 6...     

电路定律的理论基础——园丁工程专题之二

在"恒定电流"一章的教学中,欧姆定律、全电路欧姆定律以及焦耳定律,占有核心的地位.在中学物理教学中,它们都是以实验定律的面目出现的,似乎不应该也不可能再进行理论上的讨论.然而,事实上它们却都可以从电磁场理论中推导出来.在这种意义上说,它们不过是电磁场理论的一些推论和应用.     

电催化间接氧化法制备活性二氧化锰

电池工业目前使用的电解二氧化锰(EMD),是采用直接电解氧化法制得的。由于产物紧附在阳极表面,需要剥离,无法连续生产,加上电解温度较高,电流密度偏低(0.01A·cm~(-2)),生产效率不高,有待改进。 Boardman等报导Ag~ 离子对Mn~(2 )阳极氧化有催化作用。本文在该工作的基础上提出一种电催化间接氧化制备二氧化锰(ECMD)的方法。     

苦玄参甙元Ⅰ—Ⅵ(1—6)和苦玄参酮(7)的结构

本文报导了从苦玄参(Picria fel-tarrae Lour)提取物中分得的一系列新的四环三萜化合物,苦玄参甙元Ⅰ—Ⅵ(1—6)和苦玄参酮(7)。根据它们的谱学数据(紫外光谱、红外光谱、~1H和~(13)C核磁共振谱和质谱)、X-射线衍射分析以及彼此间的化学联系,证明了苦玄参甙元Ⅰ—Ⅵ和苦玄参酮分别具有1-6和7的结构。