Electrooxidation of CO(ad) intermediated from methanol oxidation on polycrystalline Pt electrode

The poisonous intermediate of methanol oxidation on a Pt electrode was validated to be CO(ad) by electrochemical method. An approximate treatment to bimolecular elementary reactions on an electrode was advanced and then was applied to the stripping normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) for complex multistep multielectron transfer processes on plane electrodes to study the kinetics of completely irreversible process of CO(ad) oxidation to CO2. The kinetic parameters for this process, such as standard rate constant (k0) and anodic transfer coefficient (alpha) for this irreversible heterogeneous electron-transfer process at electrode/solution interface and apparent diffusion coefficient (D(app)) for charge-transfer process within the monolayer of CO(ad) on electrode surface, were obtained with stripping NPV method. The effect of the approximate treatment on the kinetic parameters was also analyzed.     

On a nonlocal elliptic problem arising in the confinement of a plasma in a current carrying stellarator

This paper deals with a nonlocal free boundary problem arising in the study of the dynamics of the confinement of a plasma in a Stellarator device. The free boundary represents the separation between the plasma and vacuum regions, and the nonlocal term involves the notions of relative rearrangement and monotone rearrangement. We establish some new properties on the decreasing rearrangement that can be used to prove the convergence of the approximate problem, and then prove the existence of solutions by Galerkin method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

物理化学实验内容的探索与实践

The laboratory teaching plays more important role for improving the students' scientific literacy according to the progress of the modern society. To provide enough scientific training opportunities, the usual technology and methods used in physical chemistry research field were introduced into the physical chemistry laboratory teaching.     

Improved Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability by Single Iridium Atoms on Iron-based Layered Double Hydroxides for Oxygen Evolution

Full understanding to the origin of the catalytic performance of a supported nanocatalyst from the points of view of both the active component and support is significant for the achievement of high performance. Herein, based on a model electrocatalyst of single-iridium-atom-doped iron (Fe)-based layered double hydroxides (LDH) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), we reveal the first completed origin of the catalytic performance of such supported nanocatalysts. Specially, besides the activity enhancement of Ir sites by LDH support, the stability of surface Fe sites is enhanced by doped Ir sites: DFT calculation shows that the Ir sites can reduce the activity and enhance the stability of the nearby Fe sites; while further finite element simulations indicate, the stability enhancement of distant Fe sites could be attributed to the much low concentration of OER reactant (hydroxyl ions, OH⁻) around them induced by the much fast consumption of OH⁻ on highly active Ir sites. These new findings about the interaction between the main active components and supports are applicable in principle to other heterogeneous nanocatalysts and provide a completed understanding to the catalytic performance of heterogeneous nanocatalysts.     

充水管道声分隔片消声性能研究Ⅰ.理论分析

本文对在充水管道中加入声分隔片的消声结构的消声性能进行了理论研究,用模式匹配法计算了有限和蔗声分隔片的传递损失和功率反射系数。研究结果表明,声分隔片的消声效果优于通常所采用在管壁加吸声衬怪的结构,并且其功率反射系数很小。     

超高效合相色谱-质谱法快速分析食用植物油中常见脂肪酸

建立了超高效合相色谱-质谱(UPC²-MS)快速分析6种食用植物油(玉米油、葵花籽油、大豆油、茶油、菜籽油、花生油)中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等5种常见脂肪酸的方法,并比较了这6种食用油中上述5种脂肪酸的含量差异。采用皂化反应对植物油进行前处理,以ACQUITY UPC² BEH 2-EP色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)为分析柱,以超临界CO₂-甲醇/乙腈(1:1, v/v)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min。在电喷雾负离子模式下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明:5种脂肪酸标准物质在0.5~100 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9985~0.9998,定量限(S/N≥10)为0.15~0.50 mg/L;在3个添加水平下,样品的加标回收率为89.61%~108.50%;方法重复性的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.69%~3.01%。该方法简单、快速、分离效果好,无需对脂肪酸样品进行衍生化,已成功地用于玉米油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、茶油、大豆油和花生油等6种食用油中常见脂肪酸含量的测定。     

并列双圆柱流致振动的不对称振动和对称性迟滞研究

对雷诺数Re = 100 间距比s/D = 2.5 和5.0 的并列双圆柱流致振动进行了数值模拟研究, 其中圆柱质量比m = 2.0, 折合流速U_r 在2.0~10.0 之间, 两圆柱仅能做横流向振动. 研究发现, 当间距比s/D = 2.5 时, 在折合流速4.4 < U_r< 4.8区间内, 两圆柱流致振动响应出现不对称振动现象, 在折合流速4.4 < U_r< 4.8 区间内, 两圆柱流致振动响应出现对称性迟滞现象; 而当间距比s/D = 2.5时, 圆柱流致振动响应与单圆柱涡激振动响应相似, 没有出现不对称振动和对称性迟滞现象. 在不对称振动区间内, 两圆柱的升、阻力参数也出现了不相等的情况. 此外, 当两圆柱不对称振动时, 圆柱间隙流稳定地偏斜向其中的一个圆柱; 相应地, 尾涡也出现了宽窄不等的模式. 窄尾流圆柱的振幅和升、阻力均较宽尾流圆柱的大. 通过对比不对称振动现象发生前后的尾涡模式, 对新现象的产生机制进行了阐述.      

Flow induced noise calculations for non-axially distributed hydrophones in towed arrays

Two improvements are put forward on the analyses of flow induced noise in towed arrays. First, the differences between Corcos/Carpenter pressure fluctuation models have been discussed at length, as well as flow induced noise calculated with these two models. Second, flow induced noise received by the finite hydrophones distributed non-axially is discussed and the relevant power spectrum is deduced. The results show that there are some disparities between the wavenumber spectrums and the responses of flow induced noise of these two models. Flow induced noise is closely related with the tow speed, the tube radius and the off-axis distance. The numerical analyses with Carpenter model indicate that the power spectrum of flow induced noise will increase 24 dB approximately with the tow speed doubled, decrease with the radius of the tube, and increase with the off-axis distance. The tube radius and the off-axis distance have greater influence on the high-frequency components than on the low-frequency components.