Metastable Phase Separation and Concomitant Solute Redistribution of Liquid Fe-Cu-Sn Ternary Alloy

Liquid Fe-Cu-Sn ternary alloys with lower Sn contents are usually assumed to display a peritectic-type solidification process under equilibrium condition. Here we show that liquid Fe47.5Cu47.5Sn5 ternary alloy exhibits a metastable immiscibility gap in the undercooling range of 51-329 K （0.19TL）. Macroscopic phase separation occurs once undercooling exceeds 196 K and causes the formation of a floating Fe-rich zone and a descending Cu-rich zone. Solute redistribution induces the depletion of Sn concentration in the Fe-rich zone and its enrichment in the Cu-rich zone. The primary Fe phase grows dendritically and its growth velocity increases with undercooling until the appearance of notable macrosegregation, but will decrease if undercooling further increases beyond 236 K. The microsegregation degrees of both solutes in Fe and Cu phases vary only slightly with undercooling.     

Location of ethanol in sodium dodecyl sulfate aggregates

The hexagonal liquid crystalline phase of SDS (Sodium dode-cyl sulfate)/H2O system changes into lamellar liquid crystal and the effective length of surfactant molecule d0/2 in the lamellar liquid crystal decreases with the addition of ethanol. The micellar aggregation number N of SDS decreases and the micellar diffusion coefficient increases with the added ethanol. Under a constant concentration of SDS, the molecule number ratio of ethanol to SDS in the micelle increases with the concentration of ethanol and even exceeds 10 when ethanol concentration is 1. 085 mol/L. All these results show that ethanol, even though a short chain alcohol and soluble in water, can partly exist in the interphase of the amphiphilic aggregates showing some properties of co-surfactant.     

金属氧化物基杂化型聚合物太阳电池研究

以有机共轭聚合物为电子给体和无机纳米结构为电子受体组成的杂化型聚合物太阳电池(HPSC), 是一类新型的光伏器件. HPSC将有机物和无机物的光学、电学和力学等性能集成在一起, 其最显著的优点体现在材料来源丰富、性能互补且可调控、易实现低成本组装及轻便等方面. 金属氧化物纳米结构具有环境友好、可见光区透明且易合成等特点, 是很有发展前景的电子受体材料. 本文首先简要介绍了HPSC电池的研究现状、工作原理、器件结构、和稳态及动态表征方法, 然后重点综述了在基于ZnO和TiO₂纳米结构的HPSC方面的研究进展, 包括载流子传输动力学理论模型、高效电池材料与器件的设计和制备、及纳米结构特性相关的器件性能等. 最后, 对我们的研究成果进行了总结, 并展望了电池的后续研究方向和发展前景.     

一般完整系统Mei对称性的逆问题

动力学逆问题是星际航行学、火箭动力学、规划运动学理论的基本问题. Mei对称性是力学系统的动力学函数在群的无限小变换下仍然满足系统原来的运动微分方程的一种新的不变性. 本文研究广义坐标下一般完整系统的Mei对称性以及与Mei对称性相关的动力学逆问题. 首先, 给出系统动力学正问题的提法和解法. 引入时间和广义坐标的无限小单参数变换群, 得到无限小生成元向量及其一次扩展. 讨论由n个广义坐标确定的一般完整力学系统的运动微分方程, 将其Lagrange函数和非势广义力作无限小变换, 给出系统运动微分方程的Mei对称性定义, 在忽略无限小变换的高阶小量的情况下得到Mei对称性的确定方程, 借助规范函数满足的结构方程导出系统Mei对称性导致的Noether守恒量. 其次, 研究系统Mei对称性的逆问题. Mei对称性的逆问题的提法是: 由已知守恒量来求相应的Mei对称性. 采取的方法是将已知积分当作由Mei对称性导致的Noether守恒量, 由Noether逆定理得到无限小变换的生成元, 再由确定方程来判断所得生成元是否为Mei对称性的. 然后, 讨论生成元变化对各种对称性的影响. 结果表明, 生成元变化对Noether和Lie对称性没有影响, 对Mei 对称性有影响, 但在调整规范函数时, 若满足一定条件, 生成元变化对Mei对称性也可以没有影响. 最后, 举例说明结果的应用.     

原子-双原子分子体系碰撞诱导中的量子干涉效应

碰撞转动传能中存在量子干涉效应已经在静态池实验中被观测到,并且积分角也能被测量.但静态池掩盖了大量的实验信息,利用分子束实验可得到转动传能更准确的信息,进而得到影响干涉角的的具体因素.文中运用含时微扰的一级波恩近似理论和各向异性相互作用势,建立了原子-双原子分子(混合态)体系碰撞诱导转动能量传递中的量子干涉效应的理论模型,描述了观察和测量微分干涉角的方法,得到了微分干涉角与碰撞半径和碰撞速度间的关系,同时也得到了实验温度对微分干涉角的影响.此理论模型对于理解和进行分子束实验是非常重要的.     

Algebraic method of determining bond length of perovskite compounds doped with Mn

An algebraic method is proposed for calculating the exponent n and constant K in the power law 10Dq=KR⁻ⁿ. By using this method, the values of n and K for the cubic perovskites KMnF₃ and RbMnF₃ are derived and then used to determine the true Mn²⁺–F⁻ bond length R in crystals of KMgF₃, KZnF₃, RbCdF₃, and CsCaF₃ doped with Mn²⁺ from the reported optical spectra. The results obtained are in good agreement with those derived from the electron paramagnetic resonance data and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques. Thus, as a new theoretical method, it is valuable and convenient for the determination of the bond lengths.     

A Bi-Hamiltonian Lattice System of Rational Type and Its Discrete Integrable Couplings

By considering a new discrete isospectral eigenvalue problem, a hierarchy of lattice soliton equations of rational type are derived. It is shown that each equation in the resulting hierarchy is integrable in Liouville sense and possessing bi-Hamiltonian structure. Two types of semi-direct sums of Lie algebras are proposed, by using of which a practicable way to construct discrete integrable couplings is introduced. As applications, two kinds of discrete integrable couplings of the resulting system are worked out.     

Microscopic study of ~7Li-nucleus potential

A microscopic approach is employed to study the optical potential for the 7Li-nucleus interaction system without any free parameters.It is obtained by folding the microscopic optical potentials of the constituent nucleons of 7Li over their density distributions.We employ an isospin-dependent nucleon microscopic optical potential,which is based on the Skyrme nucleon-nucleon effective interaction and derived using the Green's function method,as the nucleon optical potential.The harmonic oscillator shell model is used to describe the internal wave function of 7Li and obtain the nucleon density distribution.The 7Li microscopic optical potential is used to predict the reaction cross-sections and elastic scattering angular distributions for the target range from 27Al to 208Pb and energy range below 450 MeV.Generally,the results can reproduce the measured data reasonably well.In addition,the microscopic optical potential is comparable to a global phenomenological optical potential by fitting the presently existing measured data.     

可磁分离的镍锌铁氧体-石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以硝酸锌、硝酸镍、硝酸铁为原料,采用微波水热法快速制备了Ni_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4-graphene纳米复合材料。该复合材料的XRD、Raman、TEM/HRTEM、XPS和VSM结果表明13 nm左右的尖晶石型镍锌铁氧体纳米颗粒分散锚固在石墨烯片上,纳米复合材料的饱和磁化强度为28.2 A·m~2·kg~(-1),剩磁和矫顽力基本为零表现为超顺磁性。在H_2O_2存在条件下可见光照射90 min,亚甲基蓝(MB)降解率达到97.5%,较好的光催化活性主要归因于石墨烯的存在有利于光生载流子的分离,产生更多活性中间体用于有机染料污染物的降解。考察了磁性光催化剂的重复利用和催化能力的稳定性,能够满足磁性回收和再使用的要求。     

应用于锌-空气电池的新型碳载钴-聚噻吩复合催化剂

采用化学氧化聚合法合成了以碳为载体的钴-聚噻吩复合物(Co-PTh/C)作为气体扩散电极氧还原催化剂。 通过扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线能谱（SEM-EDX）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等测试技术对催化剂进行表征。 结果表明,Co-PTh/C催化剂颗粒的粒径为10~30 nm,且分布均匀。 利用极化曲线、交流阻抗等电化学方法测试了其在碱性介质中(6 mol/L KOH)对氧还原的催化性能。 此催化剂在碱性介质中空气气氛条件下,电极电位在-0.20 V(vs.Hg/HgO)时电流密度达到0.152 A/cm2,催化性能高于质量分数5%Pt/C,显示出优越的氧还原电催化性能。 采取催化层/集流体/扩散层的排布方式,以纯锌为负极,6 mol/L的KOH为电解液,将气体扩散电极与锌负极组装成锌-空气电池。 电池以0.075 A/cm2进行恒流放电,放电电压为1.1 V且性能稳定。