Framing the novel aspects of irreversibilty in MHD flow of Williamson nanomaterial with thermal radiation near stagnation point

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Here, MHD stagnation point flow of non-Newtonian fluid over a stretchable surface is considered. Process of modeling is characterized for basic...     

Efficient post-plasma catalytic degradation of toluene via series of Co–Cu/TiO2 catalysts

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a very important class of pollutants that causes serious health effects. There is an urgent requirement to establish...     

A New Generator of Probability Models: The Exponentiated Sine-G Family for Lifetime Studies

In this article, we propose the exponentiated sine-generated family of distributions. Some important properties are demonstrated, such as the series representation of the probability density function, quantile function, moments, stress-strength reliability, and Rényi entropy. A particular member, called the exponentiated sine Weibull distribution, is highlighted; we analyze its skewness and kurtosis, moments, quantile function, residual mean and reversed mean residual life functions, order statistics, and extreme value distributions. Maximum likelihood estimation and Bayes estimation under the square error loss function are considered. Simulation studies are used to assess the techniques, and their performance gives satisfactory results as discussed by the mean square error, confidence intervals, and coverage probabilities of the estimates. The stress-strength reliability parameter of the exponentiated sine Weibull model is derived and estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. Also, nonparametric bootstrap techniques are used to approximate the confidence interval of the reliability parameter. A simulation is conducted to examine the mean square error, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and coverage probabilities of the reliability parameter. Finally, three real applications of the exponentiated sine Weibull model are provided. One of them considers stress-strength data.     

Syntheses,characterization, in vitro antiglycation and DPPH radical scavenging activities of isatin salicylhydrazidehydrazone and its Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) metal complexes

2-Hydroxy salicylhydrazide isatin hydrazone (L) and its Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II), metal complexes were synthesized. ¹H NMR, UV–Vis, IR spectroscopy and elemental (CHN/S) analysis techniques were applied for characterization. TG/DTA techniques revealed that all the synthetic compounds are thermally stable up to 300 °C. They were found non-electrolytes in nature. Furthermore, all these complexes were evaluated for antiglycation and DPPH radical scavenging activities. They showed varying degree of activity with IC₅₀ values between 168.23 and 269.0 μM in antiglycation and 29.63–57.71 μM in DPPH radical scavenging activity. Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II), metal complexes showed good antiglycation as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC₅₀ values for antiglycation activity are 168.23 ± 2.37, 234.27 ± 4.33, 257.1 ± 6.43, 267.7 ± 8.43, 269.0 ± 8.56 Ni for Co, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni complexes, respectively, while IC₅₀ value were found to be 29.63 ± 2.76, 31.13 ± 1.41, 35.16 ± 2.45, 43.53 ± 3.12, 57.71 ± 2.61 μM for Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and Ni complexes, respectively, for DPPH radical scavenging activity. These synthesized metal complexes were found to be better active than standards Rutin (IC₅₀ = 294.46 μM) for anti-glycation, and tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (IC₅₀ = 44.7 μM) for DPPH radical scavenging activity.     

Effectiveness of Darcy-Forchheimer and nonlinear mixed convection aspects in stratified Maxwell nanomaterial flow induced by convectively heated surface

The effect of nonlinear mixed convection in stretched flows of rate-type non-Newtonian materials is described. The formulation is based upon the Maxwell liquid which elaborates thermal relation time characteristics. Nanofluid properties are studied considering thermophoresis and Brownian movement. Thermal radiation, double stratification, convective conditions, and heat generation are incorporated in energy and nanoparticle concentration expressions. A boundary-layer concept is implemented for the simplification of mathematical expressions. The modeled nonlinear problems are computed with an optimal homotopy scheme. Moreover, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as well as the velocity, nanoparticle concentration, and temperature are emphasized. The results show opposite impacts of the Deborah number and the porosity factor on the velocity distribution.     

Effect of Ar+, He+, and S+ Irradiation on n-InP Single Crystal

The irradiation effects of Ar⁺, He⁺, and S⁺ with energy from 10 eV to 180 eV on n-InP(100) surface are analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. After irradiation on the n-InP surface, damage on the surface, displacement of the Fermilevel and formation of sulfur species on S⁺ exposed surface are found and studied. Successive annealing is done to suppress the surface states introduced by S⁺ exposure. However, it is unsuccessful in removing the damage caused by noble ions. Besides, S⁺ ions can efficiently repair the Ar⁺ damaged surface, and finally form a fine 2×2 InP surface.     

用纳米压痕法分析溶剂对聚醚醚酮(PEEK)力学性能的影响

Poly (ether ether ketone)(PEEK) is a high-performance semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer.Exposure of the polymeric surface to solvents can have a strong effect like softening/swelling of polymeric network or dissolution.In this study,nano-indentation analysis was performed to study the effect of acetone on the surface mechanical properties of PEEK using different exposure time.The experiments were performed with a constant loading rate (10 nm/s) to a maximum indentation displacement (1000 nm).A 30-second hold segment was included at the maximum load to account for any creep effects followed by an unloading segment to 80% unloading.The indentation hardness and the elastic modulus were computed as a continuous function of the penetration displacement in the continuous stiffness mode (CSM) indentation.The experimental data showed that the peak load decreased from ~5.2 mN to ~1.7 mN as exposure time in solvent environment increased from 0 to 18 days.The elastic modulus and the hardness of PEEK samples also displayed a decreasing trend as a function of exposure time in the solvent environment.Two empirical models were used to fit the experimental data of hardness as a function of exposure time which showed a good agreement with the experimental values.     

Effect of Nonlinear Convection on Stratified Flow of Third Grade Fluid with Revised Fourier-Fick Relations

Here thermal dependence conductivity and nonlinear convection features in third-grade liquid flow bounded by moving surface having varying thickness are formulated. Stagnation point flow is considered. Revised FourierFick relations and double stratification phenomena are utilized for modeling energy and concentration expressions. Mathematical model of considered physical problem is achieved by implementing the idea of boundary layer theory. The acquired partial differential system is transformed into ordinary ones by employing relevant variables. The homotopic scheme yield convergent solutions of governing nonlinear expressions. Graphs are constructed for distinct values of physical constraints to elaborate the heat/mass transportation mechanisms.     

Polyphenol Rich Ajuga bracteosa Transgenic Regenerants Display Better Pharmacological Potential

Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. is an endangered medicinal herb traditionally used against different ailments. The present study aimed to create new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of genetic transformation and the biological activities of this plant. We transformed the A. bracteosa plant with rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and raised the regenerants from the hairy roots. These transgenic regenerants were screened for in vitro antioxidant activities, a range of in vivo assays, elemental analysis, polyphenol content, and different phytochemicals found through HPLC. Among 18 polyphenolic standards, kaempferol was most abundant in all transgenic lines. Furthermore, transgenic line 3 (ABRL3) showed maximum phenolics and flavonoids content among all tested plant extracts. ABRL3 also demonstrated the highest total antioxidant capacity (8.16 ± 1 μg AAE/mg), total reducing power, (6.60 ± 1.17 μg AAE/mg), DPPH activity (IC50 = 59.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC50 = 122.5 ± 0.90 μg/mL), and iron-chelating power (IC50 = 154.8 ± 2 μg/mL). Moreover, transformed plant extracts produced significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant activities in BALB/c mice models. In conclusion, transgenic regenerants of A. bracteosa pose better antioxidant and pharmacological properties under the effect of rol genes as compared to wild-type plants.     

Formation of solitons and shocks in toroidal ion temperature gradient mode in the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons

Linear and nonlinear phenomena are investigated in toroidal ion temperature gradient (TITG)-driven pure drift mode. The model includes inhomogeneity in background magnetic field, ion temperature, and density. Finite Larmor radius effect is incorporated to understand the effect of low-frequency wave on ion dynamics. Electrons are assumed to follow nonthermal distribution, that is, kappa and Cairns distributions. Dispersion relation is obtained to analyse the linear behaviour of the TITG mode in the presence of non-Maxwellian electron distribution. In the nonlinear regime, exact solutions (soliton and shocks) are obtained (in dispersive and dissipative medium respectively) by using functional variable method to solve the nonlinear partial differential equation obtained for the system under consideration. Graphical illustrations are used to exhibit the characteristics of linear and nonlinear structures and their dependence on different physical parameters. It is observed that for TITG-driven pure drift mode, rarefactive solitons are formed for both thermal and nonthermal electron distributions. It is also observed that variation of electrons from standard thermal distribution affects the propagation characteristics of linear and nonlinear structures in TITG-driven modes. Results of our investigations will be helpful to understand the low-frequency waves in inhomogeneous plasmas in the presence of nonthermal electron distributions which are frequently observed by satellite missions and are also observed in laboratory plasmas.