Stability of all-trans-β-carotene under ultrasound treatment in a model system: Effects of different factors,kinetics and newly formed compounds

The effects of factors and kinetics of all-trans-β-carotene degradation under ultrasound treatment in a model system were investigated. The compounds of degradation were also tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD, Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The type of solvents and temperature were important factors in determining the degradation reaction. Liquid height, ultrasonic intensity and duty cycle of ultrasound exposure only affected the rate of degradation but did not change the nature of degradation. Degradation rate of β-carotene in dichloromethane was the highest. Degradation rate of β-carotene decreased with increasing of temperature. Degradation kinetics of all-trans-β-carotene under ultrasound fitted first-order reaction at ?5 to 15 °C, and fitted second-order reaction at 25 °C. Degradation products included isomers: 15-cis-β-carotene, di-cis-β-carotene and other compounds with function group of C–O.     

Wavefunction and energy of the 1s22sns configuration in a beryllium atom

A new set of trial functions for 1s^22sns configurations in a beryllium atom is suggested. A Mathematica program based on the variational method is developed to calculate the wavefunctions and energies of 1s^22sns （n = 3 - 6） configurations in a beryllium atom. Non-relativistic energy, polarization correction and relativistic correction which include mass correction, one- and two-body Darwin corrections, spin-spin contact interaction and orbit-orbit interaction, are calculated respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental data.     

渤海近岸水体后向散射系数反演模型

水体后向散射系数bb是重要的海洋光学参数,在以悬浮物为主要组分的浑浊二类水体中,其对于水体光学性质起着决定性的作用,该参数的遥感反演对于海洋光学与水色遥感研究具有重要意义.利用2005年渤海近岸水体实测数据集,建立了基于水体遥感反射率光谱数据的后向散射系数bb(λ)经验反演模型(λ=442 nm,488 nm,532 nm,589 nm,676 nm),经实测数据检验,bb(442)和bb(589)反演平均相对误差约为30%;bb(488)和bb(676)反演半均相对误差优于40%;bb(532)反演半均相埘误差约为57%.通过分析模型对于输入误差的敏感性发现,当输入端引入±5%的误差时,模型反演值的误差波动在绝大多数情形下可控制在±10%以内,模型足稳定可靠的.模型适用于渤海近岸浑浊水体,可用丁水体光学参数的时空分布特征分析以及基丁固有光学参数的水色组分遥感反演.     

有序Ti02纳米管阵列结构的可控生长及其物相研究

分别在HF水溶液、含NH4F和H2O的乙二醇有机溶液中对Ti箔进行阳极氧化,得到TiO2纳米管阵列结构.该结构高度有序、分布均匀、垂直取向,且通过阳极氧化工艺条件(如阳极氧化电压、电解液的选择与配比以及氧化时间等)可实现对其结构参数(如管径、管壁厚度、管密度、管长等)的有效控制.利用XRD研究了TiO2纳米管阵列的物相结构.结果表明:退火前的TiO2纳米管阵列为无定形结构;分别在真空和氧气氛中5I)0℃退火后,HF水溶液中制备的样品出现单一锐钛矿相,页在含NH4F和H2O的乙二醇有机溶液中氧化得到的样品则出现锐钛矿和金红石的混合相.前者在氧气氛中退火后锐钛矿晶化程度较高;后者在真空中退火后混合相的品化程度也较高.初步分析了TiO2纳米管阵列的形成机理.这些结果对基于TiO2,纳米管阵列的传感器及有机一无机异质结太阳电池的应用研究是非常有益的.     

纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C+n(n《30)的产生机理研究

采用飞行时间质谱计测量了纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C n(n≤11)的初始平均动能,结果显示轻碎片离子具有相同的初始平均动能(约为0.34 eV),并且该动能在一定范围内不随激光通量的变化而明显改变.结合前人的实验结果,对纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C n(n<30)的主要产生模式作了新的阐述,即C60分子级联发射15个C2分子和一个电子形成自身不稳定的C 30离子,在皮秒时间尺度内C 30离子的笼形结构塌陷,进而轻碎片离子产生.     

The origin of blue photoluminescence from nc-Si/SiO2 multilayers

Intensive blue photoluminescence (PL) was observed at room temperature from the nanocrystalline-Si/SiO$_{2}$ (nc-Si/SiO$_{2})$ multilayers (MLs) obtained by thermal annealing of SiO/SiO$_{2}$\,MLs for the first time. By controlling the size of nc-Si formed in SiO sublayer from 3.5 to 1.5 nm, the PL peak blueshifts from 457 to 411 nm. Combining the analysis of TEM, Raman and absorption measurement, this paper attributes the blue PL to multiple luminescent centres at the interface of nc-Si and SiO$_{2}$.     

Non-uniqueness of the heat current operator and the hopping thermoelectric and Nernst-Ettingshausen effects in amorphous semiconductors

The Hardy correction in the heat current operator is generalized to the case of non-zero electron-phonon coupling constantg. It is then shown that not only the lowest (minus first) order but also the fist order contribution ing to the thermoelectric power of amorphous semiconductors in the hopping regime disappears. Consequently, since the lowest (zero) order contribution to the thermoelectric effects in the magnetic field yields no Nernst-Ettingshausen effect in these materials, the last effect is of the second order ing, at least.     

An ultra-wideband coding polarizer for beam control and RCS reduction

Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase metasurface, as a special class of gradient metasurfaces, has been paid much attention owing to the robust performance for phase control of circularly polarized waves. Herein, we present an element-based polarizer for the first step, which enables the incident electromagnetic waves into the cross-polarized waves with the relative bandwidth of 71%, and the polarization conversion ratio exceeds 90% at 6.9−14.5 GHz. Then an eight-elements coding polarizer based on the PB phase is presented for the applications on beam control and radar cross section reduction. The simulated values indicate that the reduction of radar cross section is more than 10 dB at 6−16 GHz. Our work reveals the availability of manipulating the waves, beamforming in communication systems and electromagnetic stealth, and so on.