Molecular weight effects on gelation and rheological properties of konjac glucomannan–xanthan mixtures

Fractions of konjac glucomannan (KGM) with various viscosity‐average molecular weights (M_v) ranging from 4.00 × 10⁵ to 2.50 × 10⁶ were prepared by hydrolysis degradation in hydrochloride acid/ethanol. Effect of M_v of KGM on the critical gelation temperature (T_gel) determined by Winter–Chambon criterion and the elasticity of KGM/xanthan mixed gels, a kind of binary gel formed by synergistic gelation, were investigated by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. It was shown that the value of T_gel of the gel was shifted to a higher temperature and the gel strength was enhanced when M_v of KGM was increased. The critical M_v (1.91 × 10⁶) was observed, above which the T_gel and elasticity of the mixed gels showed no or slight increase. It was suggested that T_gel and elasticity of KGM/xanthan mixed gels mainly depend on the structure of junction zones driven by the strong interaction between KGM and xanthan, which was gradually improved with increasing M_v of KGM. It was found that the critical strain and yield stress of the mixed gels increased monotonically with the increasing M_v of KGM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 313–321, 2010     

Size and support effects for CO oxidation on supported Pd catalysts

Science China Chemistry - Supporting Pd catalysts characterized significant different size distribution were obtained using PdCl2, [Pd(NH3)4](NO3)2 and Pd(acac)2 as precursors. High-resolution...     

A new MnxOy/carbon nanorods derived from bimetallic Zn/Mn metal–organic framework as an efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst for alkaline Zn-Air batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In this work, nanorods like bimetallic Zn/Mn metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs) are proposed as the precursor for preparing MnxOy/porous carbon...     

Extraction of uranium in caustic sludge from the production of nuclear fuel components by countercurrent dissolution and acid curing

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The uraniferous caustic sludge (UCS) produced in the production of uranium fuel components was hardly to leach directly, due to its very low-grade...     

Acridone-Based Host Materials for Green Phosphorescent and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent OLEDs with Low-Efficiency Roll-Offs

By linking the carbazole unit to the nitrogen atom of acridone through phenyl or pyridyl, two compounds, named 10-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)acridin-9(10H)-one (AC-Ph-Cz) and 10-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl)acridin-9(10H)-one (AC-Py-Cz) were designed and synthesized. These two materials, characterized with highly twisted and rigid structure, good thermal stability, and balanced carrier-transporting properties, were employed as host materials for green phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The carbazole group, despite its small contribution to the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of these two materials, plays an essential role as an intramolecular host in energy delivering and improving the hole transporting ability of these two hosts. The incorporation of the electron-deficient pyridyl group as a linking group slightly improves the electron transporting capability of AC-Py-Cz. The green phosphorescent OLED (PhOLED) based on AC-Py-Cz exhibited excellent device performance with a turn-on voltage of 2.5 V, a maximum power efficiency and an external quantum efficiency (η_ext) of 89.8 lm W⁻¹ and 25.2 %, respectively, benefitting from the better charge-balancing ability of AC-Py-Cz host due to the presence of the pyridyl bridge. More importantly, all the devices based on these two hosts showed low efficiency roll-off at high brightness due to the suppressed non-radiative transition in the emitting layer. In particular, the AC-Py-Cz-hosted green PhOLED exhibited an efficiency roll-off of 1.6 % from the maximum next at a high brightness of 1000 cd m⁻² and a roll-off of 15.9 % at an extremely high brightness of 10000 cd m⁻². This study manifests that acridone-based host materials have great potential in fabricating OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off.     

Diffusiophoresis in suspensions of highly charged soft particles

Diffusiophoresis phenomenon of aoft particles suspended in binary electrolyte solutions is explored theoretically in this study based on the spherical cell model, focusing on the chemiphoresis component in absence of diffusion potential. Both the electrostatic and hydrodynamic aspects of the boundary confinement, or steric effect, due to the presence of neighboring particles are examined extensively under various electrokinetic conditions. Significant local extrema are found in mobility profiles expressed as functions of the Debye length in general, synchronized with the strength of the motion-inducing double layer polarization. Moreover, a seemingly peculiar phenomenon is observed that the soft particles may move faster in more concentrated suspensions. The competition between the simultaneous enhancement of the motion-inducing electric driving force and the motion-retarding hydrodynamic drag force from the boundary confinement effect of the neighboring particles is found to be responsible for it. The above findings are also demonstrated experimentally in a very recent study on the diffusiophoretic motion of soft particles through porous collagen hydrogels. The results presented here are useful in various practical applications of soft particles like drug delivery.     

高中“化学反应与电能”跨学科项目式教学*——探究原电池电动势的影响因素

以“探究原电池电动势的影响因素”为项目学习主题,以探讨化学电源的应用、探究原电池的工作原理、测量原电池的电动势、搭建高电动势原电池等4个任务为关键项目任务,呈现高中“化学反应与电能”跨学科项目式教学设计思路和教学实践过程。     

Isolation of Anti-Diabetic Active Compounds from Benincasae Exocarpium and Development of Simultaneous Analysis by HPLC-PDA

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is a constant problem. Previous studies have reported that Benincasa cerifera Savi. extracts are effective in treating diabetes and its complications. Benincasae Exocarpium (BE) is a fruit peel of B. cerifera that has been reported to be used for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. However, there are not enough studies on the compounds and bioassays to support the efficacy of BE. The inhibitory activity of the BE extracts and fractions against advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation and α-glucosidase activity was evaluated. These assays are relevant for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Based on these results, compounds 1–11 were isolated through bioassay-guided isolation. In addition, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that can simultaneously analyze these 11 compounds. Activity evaluation of the compounds was also conducted, and eight compounds exhibited significant activity. Among these, flavonoid compounds showed strong activity. A quantitative evaluation of eight bioactive compounds (2, 5–11) was conducted. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of BE for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications.     

色彩斑斓的自然,五颜六色的化学

通过介绍菠菜中色素的提取分离及紫甘蓝中花青素的提取两个实验,揭示大自然色彩背后的化学奥秘,并介绍了两个实验作为科普实验项目在化学科普活动中展示和互动的效果及特点。