First report of the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of Holothuria arguinensis,a new resource for aquaculture in Europe

This work reports for the first time the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of the edible sea cucumber Holothuria arguinensis from the North-eastern Atlantic. H. arguinensis has high levels of protein, with the amino acids profile dominated by alanine, glycine and proline and low lysine/arginine ratios. Its carbohydrate and energetic contents are also low as well as the total lipid levels, although its lipid profile is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. In addition, H. arguinensis has high levels of calcium. The water and ethanol extracts show ability to scavenge free radicals and to chelate copper and iron ions. Our results indicate that H. arguinensis has a balanced nutritional quality suitable for human consumption. In addition, it contains compounds with antioxidant potential; thus its intake can contribute for a healthy and well-balanced diet.     

Photodecarboxylative addition of carboxylates to phthalimides: a concise access to biologically active 3-(alkyl and aryl)methylene-1H-isoindolin-1-ones

A series of 3-(alkyl and aryl)methyleneisoindolin-1-one derivatives were synthesized in a simple two-step procedure using a recently established photodecarboxylative addition of carboxylates to phthalimides as the key-step. Subsequent acid-catalyzed dehydration and deprotection furnished the desired target compounds with high E-selectivity. The reaction sequence was applied to the synthesis of the known bioactive phenylethylene derivative, AKS-186. Different analogues, including heteroatom-containing isosteres were also synthesized using this approach.     

Liquid exclusion-adsorption chromatography,a new technique for isocratic separation of nonionic surfactants. IV. Two-dimensional separation of fatty alcohol ethoxylates with focusing of fractions

Fatty alcohol ethoxylates can be analyzed using a combination of liquid chromatography under critical conditions as the first dimension and liquid exclusion-adsorption chromatography as the second dimension. Transfer of fractions from the first to the second dimension is achieved using the full adsorption-desorption (FAD) technique. The peaks of interest in the first dimension are trapped on a short precolumn before injecting them into the second dimension. Full adsorption is achieved by increasing the water content in the mobile phase before the FAD column. When the fractions are desorbed by switching to the mobile phase of the second dimension, they are focused and reconcentrated. In this way, a full resolution of oligomers is achieved. As both dimensions are run in isocratic mode, density and refractive index detection can be applied, which allows an accurate quantitation.     

A beta-lactone route to chiral gamma-substituted alpha-amino acids: application to the concise synthesis of (S)-alpha-azidobutyro lactone and a natural amino acid

[reaction: see text] Beta-lactones are useful synthetic intermediates allowing access to a number of functional arrays. In this report, enantiomerically pure 4-trichloromethyl-2-oxetanone is shown to be a versatile amino acid synthon leading to a variety of gamma-substituted alpha-amino acid precursors. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated by the concise synthesis of a protected homoserine equivalent, alpha-azidobutyro lactone, and a naturally occurring alpha-amino acid from the seeds of Blighia unijugata.