Soil collapse computations with finite elements

Summary The elastic-plastic finite element method is reviewed with a view to predict collapse loads of geotechnical constructions. The basic technique of using an incremental-iterative approach with a constant stiffness matrix is well-known, but we fill a gap by proving that the procedure converges not only for small steps but also for large load increments. Here restriction is made to associated plasticity, as uniqueness of solution is not ensured for non-associated plasticity problems. Differences between associated and nonassociated problems are illustrated by showing results of numerical analyses. Finally, a number of practical aspects associated with the method are discussed.

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Finite-Element-Berechnungen des Versagens von Böden

Übersicht Im Hinblick auf die Vorhersage der Versagenlasten von Erdbauten wird ein Überblick über die elastisch-plastische Finite-Element-Methode gegeben. Das grundlegende Verfahren mit inkrementelliterativem Vorgehen mit einer konstanten Steifigkeitsmatrix ist wohlbekannt. Durch den Beweis, daß das Verfahren nicht nur bei kleinen Schrittweiten, sondern auch bei großen Laststufen konvergiert, werden jedoch neuartige Erkenntnisse vorgestellt. Hierbei muß einschränkend assoziierte Plastizität gelten, da bei nicht-assoziierter Plastizität die Eindeutigkeit von Lösungen nicht gewährleistet ist. Anhand von numerischen Ergebnissen werden Unterschiede zwischen Aufgabenstellungen mit assoziierter und nichtassoziierter Plastizität aufgezeigt. Schließlich werden auch noch praktische Gesichtspunkte des Verfahrens erörtert.

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Presented at the workshop on Limit Analysis and Bifurcation Theory, held at the University of Karlsruhe (FRG), February 22–25, 1988     

A measurement of B(E3;0+ → 31−) and some E2 transition probabilities in 132, 134, 136, 138Ba using Coulomb excitation

Reduced transition probabilities, B(E2) and B(E3), have been measured for low-lying 2⁺ and 3^? states in ^{132, 134, 136, 138}Ba using Coulomb excitation by 40 MeV ¹²C ions. The B(E2) values are in general consistent with previous measurements and the B(E3;0⁺ → 3₁^?) values are 0.176 ± 0.022, 0.148 ± 0.018, 0.155 ± 0.018 and 0.133 ± 0.013 e² · b³ for ^{132, 134, 136, 138}Ba respectively. These B(E3) values correspond to about 24 to 17 W.u. and such enhancements suggest that these 3^? states have an essentially collective character which may be attributed to octupole vibrations.     

On the reaction of alkylargentates with some 2- alkynenitriles.

Alkylargentates add $\text{trans}$ to the triple bond of 2-alkynenitriles to furnish α -cyanovinylargentates in a high yield. The adducts are configurational unstable at higher temperature.     

On the formation of the so-called arsanthrene

The structure of Kalb's “arsanthrene oxide” and “arsanthrene” have been reinvestigated. The “arsanth-rene oxide” is monomeric and is therefore properly termed 5,10-epoxy-5,10-dihydroarsanthrene(6). A spectroscopic study of “arsanthrene” revealed that this compound has the dimeric structure 12 corresponding to the photodimer of anthracene. Mechanisms of formation of dimeric “arsanthrene” and the possible dissociation of dimeric “arsanthrene” into its monomer by reaction with a dienophile at elevated temperature are discussed. An attempt to synthesize arsanthrene (7) by dehalogenation of 5,10-dichloro-5,10-dihydroarsanthrene (5) was unsuccessful. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of some 5,10-dihydroarsanthrenes are recorded.