有距离辨识度的传声器阵列波束优化算法研究*

小尺度线性传声器阵列在便携式通信设备中具有潜在应用前景,其波束优化算法大多关注于抑制来自与声源不同方向的噪声,而不能有效地抑制与声源同方向的噪声。本文通过对几种典型波束优化策略进行改进,增加线性约束条件,使得阵列兼具方向和距离辨识度。论文对比了几种优化方法的波束性能,同时讨论了约束条件对波束旁瓣的影响,并提出了鲁棒性的优化方案。仿真结果显示,合理的优化策略和线性约束条件可以使阵列波束获得很好的聚焦性能。     

R11离心式冷水机组替代冷媒的选择

根据蒸气压相似原理,通过理论计算,筛选出了一种比较理想的离心式冷水机组新型制冷剂(XJ-3),该制冷剂由R245ca和R245fa组成.并且分析了该制冷剂的变工况和泄漏工况下的性能变化.     

Graphene-based passively Q-switched Nd:KLu(WO4)2 eye-safe laser operating at 1,425 nm

With graphene as saturable absorber, an Nd:KLu(WO₄)₂ eye-safe laser operating at 1,425 nm is demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that an Nd:KLu(WO₄)₂ laser operates at the eye-safe 1.4-μm region. A maximum total average output power of 170 mW is obtained under the pump power of 9.6 W, corresponding to an optical–optical efficiency of 1.77 %. The minimum pulse width and the highest pulse repetition rate are 153 ns and 97 kHz, respectively. Also the characteristics of the graphene used as saturable absorber for a 1.4-μm laser were studied for the first time.     

Ultrafast photo-induced turning of magnetization and its relaxation dynamics in GaMnAs

We report that,by linearly polarized pumping of different wavelengths,Kerr transients appear at zero magnetic field only in the case when GaMnAs samples are initialized at 3 K by first applying a 0.8 Tesla field and then returning to zero field.We find that,instead of magnetization precession,the near-band gap excitation induces a coherent out-of-plane turning of magnetization,which shows very long relaxation dynamics with no precession.When photon energy increases,the peak value of the Kerr transient incre...     

Bulk工艺气体微网探测器的研究

In this paper, we present a study of a micromegas detector prototype built with bulk technology. Following a short discussion of the micromegas detector＇s structure and working mechanism, the bulk fabrication process is described, and some testing results of the prototype are presented.     

与交通安全有关的几道物理题

在人的生命越来越得到重视的今天,安全教育已经成为学校教育的重要任务之一．面对每年10万多人的死伤,更觉得加强对安全意识比较薄弱的中学生进行安全教育的必要．据报道：分析全国道路交通事故情况,主要原因有超速行驶、酒后驾驶、疲劳驾驶,恶劣天气导致的事故,特别是全国雨、雪、雾等恶劣天气条件下发生道路交通事故;还有低驾龄驾驶人肇事等．     

BP神经网络用于肝炎患者舌诊近红外光谱的研究

为了对肝炎患者进行快速无创检测,用BP人工神经网络(ANN)方法在健康人与肝炎患者之间对人体舌面近红外光谱的反射率的关系进行关联方面的研究。分别采集了健康人和肝炎患者的舌左边、舌右边、舌下左边络脉、舌下右边络脉以及舌尖各部位各25例受试者的光谱数据,构造了一个3层神经网络结构,将所采集的各光谱数据进行归一化反射率预处理后作为神经网络的输入,建立了BP神经网络模型,分别选取对应的各个部位的40例作为训练样本集,用剩下的10例未知的样本进行预测,各部位测试的结果其相对偏差均在0.2以下,分类正确率为100%,达到满意的预测精度。结果表明提出的BP神经网络用于光谱舌诊进行无创检测识别不同病证提供了重要的参考价值。     

西范坪矿区土壤铜元素的高光谱响应与反演模型研究

为解决传统的土壤地球化学测量方法成本高、效率低等问题,研究了利用可见-近红外光谱技术检测土壤重金属含量的简易方法。研究对西范坪矿区土壤反射光谱进行微分、连续统去除等六种变换,利用逐步回归法和皮尔逊相关系数选出对土壤铜含量敏感的特征波段,组成综合特征变量集,再应用不同的特征变量选取方法和参数建立估算模型并检验。结果表明：不同的光谱变换方法对土壤铜含量信息提取能力不同,每种光谱变换都对应特定的敏感波谱区间;基于综合光谱变换信息建立的土壤铜含量反演模型精度优于基于单种光谱变换信息建立的模型;利用综合光谱变换信息建立土壤铜含量反演模型,后向剔除法优于前向引入法和逐步回归法,当Removal取0.20时得到最优回归模型,其模型决定系数R2和预测模型决定系数R2_pre分别达到了0.851和0.830,建模均方根误差RMSEC和预测均方根误差RMSEP分别为0.349和0.468 mg·kg-1,能较好地检测土壤铜含量,同时为其他土壤重金属元素的光谱检测提供了思路。     

Optimization of detection device geometry for NIR spectroscopy using a three-layered model of stone fruit

The influences of detection device geometry and fiber optic parameters on near infrared spectroscopy measurements were assessed using stone fruit models based on Monte Carlo simulation. The stone fruit was modeled as concentric spherical layered tissues including the skin, the flesh and the core. The choices of the detection angle, the diameter of the detection fiber, the numerical aperture, and the height of the probe were discussed. Receiving diffuse reflectance signals at detection angles in the range of 35°–50° and normalizing the detection signals by the collection area and the solid acceptance angle prior to use are suggested. Fiber probes with diameters D = 0.06 cm or 0.1 cm, NA = 0.20 or 0.30, and height h ≤ 0.8 cm are preferred. The probe deflection angle should be limited to within ±5° to guarantee measurement accuracy.