核磁共振任意波形发生器的研制

任意波形发生器（又叫函数发生器）作为一种通用的信号源,在物理、电子、计算机等领域有着广泛的应用. 本文提出了一种不依赖PC机总线的、完全独立的、 可用于低场磁共振成像的多用途任意波形发生器（Arbitrary Waveform Generator, AWG）设计方案,围绕着这种方案,研制了80 MHz通用磁共振任意波形发生器. 并提供了实际测试数据和成像实验结果,对研制情况和实验结果进行了总结和讨论.     

Determination of PEGylation homogeneity of polyethylene glycol-modified canine uricase

Polyethylene glycol-modified canine uricase (PEG-UHC) was prepared by modifying the ε-amino group of lysine residues on the canine uricase (UHC) protein to near-saturation with 5 kDa monomethoxyl-polyethylene glycol succinimide (mPEG-SPA-5k). In order to accurately determine the PEGylation uniformity of PEG-UHC, CZE, 3–8% gradient gel SDS-PAGE, and imaging CIEF (iCIEF) analyses were compared. CZE could not effectively separate PEG-UHC proteins with different degrees of modification, 3–8% gradient gel SDS-PAGE could separate PEG-UHC into seven gel bands; however, most of the gel bands were smeared or blurred, and the separation of PEG-UHC samples by iCIEF was significantly better than that by 3–8% gradient gel SDS-PAGE. Under denatured conditions, iCIEF separated 12 pI peaks, and could also accurately quantify the relative monomer PEG-UHC content. More than 85% of the total monomeric PEG-UHC was conjugated with 7–12 PEG molecules; of this 85%, approximately 40% was conjugated with 9–10 PEG molecules. These results demonstrated that iCIEF exhibits good potential for determining the PEGylation homogeneity of PEGylated protein drugs.     

Quantification of the bisphosphonate alendronate using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with dynamic pH barrage junction focusing

A quantitative method was developed for the direct identity confirmation and quantification of alendronate using CE-MS combined with a pH-assisted focusing technique, dynamic pH barrage junction focusing. A pH-induced variation in electrophoretic mobility led to online focusing of alendronate at the sample/pH barrage boundary, significantly improving the detection sensitivity. In addition, the use of a flow-through microvial CE electrospray interface and the multiple reaction monitoring mode of MS further improved the specificity and quantification capability of this technology. This quantitative method presented a wide linear dynamic range over 8–2000 ng/mL and an LOD of 2 ng/mL. A 460-fold improvement in sensitivity was obtained when pH barrage junction focusing was applied during the CE process, in comparison to when normal CE was conducted without online sample stacking. The superior detection sensitivity over previously reported methods enables direct analysis of bisphosphonate compounds, eliminating tedious pre-column sample enrichment and derivatization. Validation of alendronate content in a commercial drug tablet further proved the reliability and power of this method. This simple method with no sample derivatization, superior sensitivity, and short run time (<8 min) is a promising alternative for accurate quantification of alendronate and other types of bisphosphonate compounds in both drug formulations and plasma samples.     

Electrospray ionization stability and concentration sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using a flow-through microvial interface

Concentration sensitivity is a key performance indicator for analytical techniques including for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). In this study, a flow-through microvial interface was used to couple CE with MS and improve the ESI stability and detection sensitivity. By infusing a peptide mixture through the interface into an MS detector at a typical flow rate for CE-MS analysis, the spatial region near the interface was mapped for MS signal intensity. When the sprayer tip was within a 6 × 6.5 × 5 mm region in front of the MS inlet, the ESI was stable with no significant loss of signal intensity for ions with m/z 239. Finite element simulations showed that the average electric field strength at the emitter tip did not change significantly with minor changes in emitter tip location. Experiments were conducted with four different mass spectrometer platforms coupled to CE via the flow-through microvial interface. Key performance indicators, that is, limit of detection (LOD) and linearity of calibration curves were measured for nine amino acids and five peptides. Inter- and intraday reproducibility were also tested. The results were shown to be suitable for quantification when internal standards were used.     

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) in cold‐worked conditions

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The defects due to cold-rolling deformation in the advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) have been analyzed using positron annihilation...     

电子束敏感材料的原子尺度结构研究

分子筛和金属有机骨架(MOF)材料以其独特的孔道和骨架结构在催化、 储能、 干燥及净化和吸附分离等领域有着广泛应用, 对其结构的原子尺度表征对于深入理解其构效关系具有重要意义. 但其大孔道结构和有机骨架使得它们对电子束辐照极为敏感, 在常规透射电镜成像模式下结构会很快被破坏变为非晶, 从而无法获得孔道和骨架的原子排列信息. 最近发展起来的基于积分差分相位衬度扫描透射电子显微(iDPC-STEM)技术在电子敏感材料和轻元素组分成像方面展现出明显优势, 使得对多孔骨架材料及烃池物种的表征成为了可能. 本文综述了本课题组近期利用该技术对分子筛和MOF材料原子尺度结构方面的研究. 将iDPC-STEM技术应用到ZSM-5分子筛催化剂中, 实现了对该分子筛的原子级骨架结构的成像分析. 在MOF体系中, 利用该技术观察到MIL-101骨架内部有机连接体与金属节点的配位方式, 在此基础上解析了MIL-101结构中有机配体的连接和金属节点的苯环结构, 并观察了MOF的原子级表面、 界面和缺陷等局域结构特征. 最后对iDPC-STEM技术在原子尺度成像方面的应用潜力进行了总结与展望.     

低功率超声增强碘帕醇氯氧化的效果和路径

研究了低功率超声(US, <38 W)对NaClO氧化非离子型碘代X射线造影剂—碘帕醇(IPM)的增强作用及机理, 考察了NaClO添加浓度和超声功率的影响, 分析并计算了体系中的主要活性物种及其贡献. 采用高效液相色谱/串联质谱(HPLC/MS/MS)对降解产物进行分析, 推测IPM的降解路径. 结果表明, 低功率US显著增强了NaClO对IPM的氧化效果, 在25 ℃, pH=5.8, NaClO浓度为0.12 mmol/L条件下, 10 mg/L IPM在60 min的降解率达到85.8%. 其中NaClO氧化、 HO·和活性氯自由基(RCSs)是US/NaClO增强IPM降解的主要原因, 自由基分析计算它们的贡献率分别为15.82%, 4.65%和79.53%. NaClO浓度在0~0.24 mmol/L范围内, IPM的降解率随NaClO浓度升高而增加, 60 min后降解率由4.75%增加到91.12%; 超声功率为28.5 W, 降解率达到最高. 在 15~45 ℃温度范围内, IPM的降解过程符合表观一级反应动力学, 反应活化能(E_a)为59.03 kJ/mol. HPLC/MS/MS共检测出5种中间产物, 结合密度泛函理论(DFT)计算结果, 初步推测了IPM在US/NaClO体系中的降解途径和机理.     

锂金属负极亲锂骨架的研究进展

随着电动汽车和便携式电子产品的快速发展, 人们对于高比能二次电池的需求越来越迫切. 锂金属以其极高的理论比容量和极低的电极电势被视为下一代高比能电池理想负极材料之一. 但是, 锂枝晶的生长及体积膨胀等问题限制了金属锂负极的实际应用. 在金属锂负极中引入三维骨架可以有效抑制锂枝晶生长, 缓解体积膨胀. 其中亲锂骨架可以降低锂的形核能垒, 诱导锂的均匀成核, 更加有效地调控锂沉积行为. 本文结合国内外的研究进展总结了锂金属负极中亲锂骨架的研究成果. 根据亲锂材料的不同对亲锂骨架进行了分类, 总结了各类亲锂骨架在调控锂沉积行为和提高电池性能方面取得的成果, 并对其今后的研究和发展进行了展望.     

肝素非还原端饱和结构的紫外吸收研究及在肝素寡糖测序中的应用

为了进一步探讨非还原端饱和结构的肝素寡糖在UV 232 nm的吸收情况, 制备了4种饱和结构的肝素二糖, 并用离子对反相液相色谱/离子阱飞行时间质谱(RPIP-LC/MS-IT-TOF)光电二极管阵列检测器分析了它们在UV 232 nm的吸收情况. 分析结果表明, 饱和结构的肝素二糖在UV 232 nm的检出限为9 μg(S/N=10), UV 232 nm/UV 206 nm约为不饱和结构肝素二糖UV 232 nm的7%~40%. 结果还表明, 肝素二糖UV 232 nm的吸收强度受亚硫酸基团(SO₃^2?)影响较大. 另外, 通过比较不饱和结构的肝素/硫酸类肝素(Hep/HS)标样二糖发现, 含N-未取代葡萄糖胺(GlcNH₃⁺)基团的二糖在UV 232 nm的吸收值较低. 最后, 通过简单的UV检测方法, 结合 HNO₂(pH=4.0)裂解法和RPIP-LC/MS-IT-TOF分析, 简化了含GlcNH₃⁺肝素六糖的测序方法. 本研究为以后用 HNO₂(pH=1.5)裂解法对混合组分N-硫酸化的肝素寡糖结构序列分析提供了可能.     

Rh(Ⅱ)催化吲哚衍生物[3+3]环化机理及产物性质分析

采用密度泛函理论研究了双铑催化3-重氮吲哚啉-2-亚胺与2H-吖丙因[3+3]内环化反应过程. 该过程主要包含铑金属卡宾体形成、 C―N键活化裂解和吲哚啉[3+3]内环化反应. 研究结果表明, 双铑催化剂发生偶联作用, 促进C-N偶联及2H-吖丙因C―N键裂解; 反应控速步骤为吲哚[3+3]环化反应过程, 铑催化剂在[3+3]环化前脱出. 对产物吡嗪并吲哚类化合物光电性质的分析表明产物具有较低空穴重组能, 吸收与荧光发射光谱存在较大斯托克斯位移. 因此该产物可作为潜在的空穴传输材料和荧光发射材料.