采用可见/近红外光谱检测大麦叶片过氧化氢酶与过氧化物酶含量的研究

采用可见/近红外光谱对丙酯草醚胁迫下大麦叶片过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)与过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)含量预测进行研究。对500～900 nm光谱采用移动平均法(moving average, MA)11点平滑方法进行预处理。采用蒙特卡罗-偏最小二乘法(monte carlo-partial least squares, MCPLS)方法分别对于CAT与POD的含量预测剔除7个与8个异常样本。基于全部光谱建立了CAT与POD含量预测的PLS,最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machine, LS-SVM)与极限学习机(extreme learning machine, ELM)模型,ELM模型对CAT含量预测效果最好,建模集相关系数(correlation coefficient of calibration, R_c)为0.916,预测集相关系数R_p为0.786;PLS模型对POD含量预测效果最佳,R_c为0.984,R_p为0.876。采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)算法分别为CAT与POD预测选择了8个与19个特征波长,基于特征波长建立的PLS,LS-SVM与ELM模型中,ELM模型对CAT与POD含量预测效果均最佳,CAT含量预测的相关系数为R_c=0.928,R_p=0.790;POD含量预测的相关系数R_c=0.965,R_p=0.941。基于全谱与基于特征波长的回归分析模型预测效果相当,且对POD含量的预测效果优于对CAT含量的预测效果,而这需要进一步研究以得到精度和稳定性更高的预测模型。研究结果表明,采用可见/近红外光谱结合化学计量学方法可以实现对除草剂胁迫下大麦叶片CAT与POD含量的预测。     

先进焦平面与光谱成像技术现状

深入分析先进的焦平面技术和光谱成像技术的发展趋势,为探测器及光谱成像仪的研究提供参考。对光谱成像技术的现状和发展趋势、焦平面技术、先进焦平面技术对光谱成像系统技术的推动作用三个方面进行详细的分析总结,认为焦平面技术向着高性能、大规模面阵规格、高灵敏度、宽谱响应的方向发展;并推动光谱成像系统向着高分辨率、宽幅、多波段、更短重访周期和简化系统方向发展。成像光谱仪的发展趋势和需求指明焦平面技术的发展方向,同时焦平面技术的发展也会引领成像光谱仪系统进步和革新。     

Controlled growth and field emission of vertically aligned AlN nanostructures with different morphologies

The controllable growth of three different morphologies of AlN nanostructures (nanorod, nanotip and nanocrater) arrays are successfully realized by using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technology. All three nanostructures are of single crystal h-AlN with a growth orientation of [001]. Their growth is attributed to the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. To investigate the factors affecting field emission (FE) properties of AlN nanostructures, we compare their FE behaviours in several aspects. Experimental results show that AlN nanocrater arrays possess the best FE properties, such as a threshold field of 7.2~V/μm and an emission current fluctuation lower than 4%. Moreover, the three AlN nanostructures all have good field emission properties compared with a number of other excellent cathode nanomaterials, which suggests that they are future promising FE nanomaterials.     

小型化第三代移动通信系统用高温超导滤波子系统的研制

本文研究了双向螺旋型谐振器的耦合特性,并采用此谐振器设计、制作了适用于第三代移动通信系统的8节高温超导滤波器.该滤波器中心频率为1950 MHz,带宽为60 MHz.滤波器完成制备后,采用集成封装方式,将其与低温低噪声放大器封装在同一金属盒内,实现了滤波器系统的小型化.文章研究了集成封装方式的尺寸、结构对滤波器性能的影响.测试结果表明,采用集成封装方式的滤波器系统具有优良性能,与独立封装方式相比,器件的总尺寸减小了20%以上.     

A study on defect formation and magnetic properties of nitrogen-doped ZnO nanowires by the first principles

Theoretical calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) has been carried out in studying defect formation energies, ionizing energies and ferromagnetism of nitrogen-doped ZnO nanowires. The result shows that N_O is deep acceptor, which make it hard to ionize. Ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between N atoms are also investigated. The results show that FM coupling between N atoms is more stable than AFM coupling. The FM coupling mechanism is explained by the interaction of N energy level. In addition, zinc and oxygen vacancies affecting FM coupling is also discussed. It is found that zinc and oxygen vacancies are unfavorable for stabilizing FM coupling of nitrogen-doped ZnO nanowires.     

干涉型复合腔激光束相干合成中分束器的相移特性研究

分析了采用分束器构建干涉型复合腔进行激光束相干合成的过程与原理.利用分束器的特征矩阵研究了分束时产生的反射与透射相移,得到了两束相干光经过分束器分束后进行相干叠加时相移满足的普适关系,从相移的角度解释了分束器一侧发生相长干涉时另一侧必然发生相消干涉这一现象.比较了分束器与光纤耦合器在激光束相干合成应用中的一些特性,并验证了所得相移关系式的正确性.     

Spin-Dependent Electron Properties of a Triple-Terminal Quantum Dot Structure

Electron transport properties of a triple-terminal Aharonov-Bohm interferometer are theoretically studied. By applying a Rashba spin-orbit coupling to a quantum dot locally, we find that remarkable spin polarization comes about in the electron transport process with tuning the structure parameters, i.e., the magnetic flux or quantum dot levels. When the quantum dot levels are aligned with the Fermi level, there only appear spin polarization in this structure by the presence of an appropriate magnetic flux. However, in absence of magnetic flux spin polarization and spin separation can be simultaneously realized with the adjustment of quantum dot levels, namely, an incident electron from one terminal can select a specific terminal to depart from the quantum dots according to its spin state.     

FTIR光谱法测量不同化肥的氨挥发

氨挥发是化肥损失的重要途径,同时加剧了温室气体排放和水体富营养化。限于技术和资金条件,国内外氨挥发研究主要使用静态闭路箱法、半开放法、间歇通气法、质量平衡法及风洞法。文章利用FTIR光谱法,基于HITRAN数据库采用非线性最小二乘拟合气体浓度反演算法,测量对比了不同化肥的氨挥发,并简单分析了原因。试验表明,FTIR分析技术用于化肥的氨挥发测量,是一种操作简单,分析效率高,能满足实时、连续、准确要求的测量技术,可以满足野外田间作业的需要。     

ZnO/SiO2 复合薄膜的光学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO/SiO₂复合薄膜,分别用XRD、TEM、SEM对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并研究了不同ZnO含量对复合薄膜透过率及荧光特性的影响。结果表明,样品经500 ℃退火处理生成了SiO₂和ZnO,其晶粒尺寸为18.7 nm,薄膜具有双层结构。复合薄膜的透过率随着其中ZnO含量的增加而降低,禁带宽度减小,光学吸收边红移。样品在355 nm波长激发下产生了384 nm的紫外发射峰和440 nm的蓝光发射带,并随ZnO含量的增加而增强,它们分别来自ZnO的电子-空穴复合发光和缺陷发光,及ZnO/SiO₂复合薄膜双层结构的缺陷发光。     

Temperature-insensitive Mach-Zehnder interferometric strain sensor based on concatenating two waist-enlarged fiber tapers

A novel temperature-insensitive strain sensor,based on an in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer,is fabricated by concatenating two waist-enlarged fiber tapers separated by a short piece of photonic crystal fiber. The interference spectrum of the proposed sensor is analyzed in detail.Experimental results demonstrate that this sensor has a strain sensitivity of.3.02 pm/μεand maintains the temperature insensitivity feature. The proposed sensor has great potential in diverse sensing applications due to its advantages,such as its compact size,low cost,and simple fabrication process.