Novel methods for the synthesis of 2-[(4<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-acetamide ((<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-phenotropil)

Two novel methods have been developed for the preparation of 2-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl]acetamide ((R)-Phenotropil). In the first, n-butyl (3R)-4-amino-3-phenylbutyrate is alkylated with haloacetamide in DMF in the presence of potassium phosphate monohydrate, and the intermediate 4-carbamoylmethylamino-3-phenylbutyrate is subsequently cyclized by refluxing in toluene in the presence of potassium phosphate monohydrate and tetrabutylammonium bromide. In the second, chloroacetonitrile is used under similar conditions in place of the haloacetamide. Both methods lead to (R)-Phenotropil in 40-60% yields calculated on the starting n-butyl (3R)-4-amino-3-phenylbutyrate.     

Synthesis and anticancer properties of 7α-chloro-3-methyl-1,1-dioxoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid esters

The tert-butyl esters of 3-azidomethyl-, 3-isocyanatomethyl-, 3-chloromethyl-, and 3-p-nitrophenylvinyl-7α-chloro-1,1-dioxoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, and also esters of 7α-chloro-3-methyl-1,1-dioxoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, and of 7α-chloro-3-methyl-2-dimethylaminomethylene-1,1-dioxoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid have been synthesized. Results of cytotoxic screening of these compounds in relation to cancer and normal cells in vitro are correlated and analyzed. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 259–273, February, 2007.     

Viscosity of a dusty plasma liquid

We present the results of our experimental study of the flow of a dusty plasma liquid produced by macroparticles in an argon plasma. The dependences of shear viscosity for such a liquid on the magnitude of the external force inducing the dusty plasma liquid flow and on the plasma-generating gas pressure are analyzed. We have established that the viscosity of a dusty plasma medium decreases with increasing shear stress in it, while the viscosity of such a liquid increases with buffer gas pressure. The flow of a dusty plasma liquid under the action of an external force has been found to resemble the plastic deformation of a Bingham body. We suggest that the formation of crystal-like dusty plasma clusters in a “liquid” phase can be responsible for the non-Newtonian behavior of the dusty plasma liquid flow.