Spectrophotometric determination of isonicotinic acid hydrazide

Summary Isonicotinic acid hydrazide reacts with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in acidic medium in presence of excess of thallium(III) to give a pink-coloured formazan having maximum absorption at 480 nm. This colour reaction is used to determine isonicotinic acid hydrazide in urine and blood. The reaction is specific for isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and the visual limit of identification is1 g per ml.

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Zusammenfassung Isonikotinsäurehydrazid reagiert mit 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid in saurem Milieu bei Gegenwart von überschüssigem Thallium(III) unter Bildung eines rosa gefärbten Formazans mit dem Absorptionsmaximum bei 480 nm. Diese Farbreaktion wird zur Bestimmung von Isonikotinsäurehydrazid in Harn und Blut verwendet. Sie ist spezifisch. Ihre Erfassungsgrenze beträgt 1g/ml.

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Résumé L'hydrazide de l'acide isonicotinique réagit avec le chlorure de triphényl-2,3,5 tétrazolium, en milieu acide en présence d'un excès de thallium-III, en donnant un formazan coloré en rose dont le maximum d'absorption se situe à 480 nm. On utilise cette réaction colorée pour doser l'hydrazide de l'acide isonicotinique dans l'urine et dans le sang. La réaction est spécifique et la limite d'identification visuelle est de 1g par ml.

     

Microanalysis of polymers using a windowless energy-dispersive X-ray detector

The surface compositions of various polymeric films, grown electrochemically on platinum foils, have been investigated by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Comparison of the relative area ratios of peaks for the C and N K_emission lines show that the EDS may be used to study the surface composition of polymers. The evidence presented strongly suggests that there is limited structural degradation and the elemental composition is not changed under the electron beam at relatively low accelerating voltages. This technique statistically samples the repeat units of the polymer. For samples grown in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. SEM/EDS provides evidence for extensive contamination with oxygen.     

Phosphodiesterase‐Inhibiting Glycosides from Symplocos racemosa

Phytochemical investigation of Symplocos racemosa resulted in the isolation of two new glycosides, symploracemoside ( 1 ) and symplomoside ( 2 ), which are structurally related to the reported benzoylsalireposide ( 3 ) and salireposide ( 4 ). The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR analysis, including COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC correlations. These glycosides showed inhibitory activity against snake‐venom phosphodiesterase I.     

Polymer electrolyte for photoelectrochemical cell and dye-sensitized solar cell: a brief review

This paper reviews the use of solid polymeric electrolyte (SPE) and gel polymeric electrolyte (GPE) in photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The structure of PEC and its working principle are presented. The various types of polymer electrolytes utilized in PEC and DSSC have been highlighted in this review. It also highlights the comparison of performance of PEC and DSSC utilizing those polymer electrolytes. This review is completed with the list of other SPEs that potentially be tested in DSSC.     

Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of α-Branched Aldehydes through Formal Cycloaddition with Homophthalic Anhydrides

A new catalytic methodology was developed to promote an efficient one-pot kinetic resolution of racemic aldehydes with selectivity (s*) of up to 91 (99:1 d.r., >99 % ee) in a cycloaddition reaction with enolizable anhydrides to afford dihydroisocoumarin products (a core prevalent in natural products and molecules of medicinal interest) containing three contiguous stereocentres.     

Medicinal Potential of Isoflavonoids: Polyphenols That May Cure Diabetes

In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism. Moreover, these natural compounds have also been found to attenuate oxidative stress through the oxidative signaling process and inflammatory mechanism. Hence, isoflavonoids have been envisioned to be able to prevent and slow down the progression of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Further thoroughgoing investigations in human clinical studies are strongly recommended to obtain the optimum and specific dose and regimen required for supplementation with isoflavonoids and derivatives in diabetic patients.     

Recurrence Tracking Microscope Based on Two Magnetic Mirrors

We introduce a recurrence tracing microscope based on the reflection of cold atoms from two magnetic mirrors placed in parallel. A cantilever is attached perpendicularly to one of the two mirrors at the lower end that probes surface structures. The quantum dynamics in the system provides the matter waves to store information on the height and spacing between the nanostructures. We use the recurrence tracking microscope in static and dynamic modes to study arbitrary and periodic nanostructures.     

Structural,morphological and mechanical properties of niobium nitride thin films grown by ion and electron beams emanated from plasma

The influence of variation in plasma deposition parameters on the structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics of the niobium nitride films grown by plasma-emanated ion and electron beams are investigated. Crystallographic investigation made by X-ray diffractometer shows that the film synthesized at 10?cm axial distance with 15 plasma focus shots (PFS) exhibits better crystallinity when compared to the other deposition conditions. Morphological analysis made by scanning electron microscope reveals a definite granular pattern composed of homogeneously distributed nano-spheroids grown as clustered particles for the film synthesized at 10?cm axial distance for 15 PFS. Roughness analysis demonstrates higher rms roughness for the films synthesized at shorter axial distance and by greater number of PFS. Maximum niobium atomic percentage (35.8) and maximum average hardness (19.4?±?0.4?GPa) characterized by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and nano-hardness analyzer respectively are observed for film synthesized at 10?cm axial distance with 15 PFS.