Some remarks on conjugate closed groups

Let G be a group. In this note we define conjugate closed groups, which are briefly called CC — Groups. These groups form a proper subclass of T — Groups. We prove that if G = Z(G) × H, then G is conjugate closed if and only if H is conjugate closed. We also show that a finite group G is semisimple, conjugate closed and perfect if and only if it is a direct product of non-abelian and simple groups.     

Glycopolymers and Glyco‐nanoparticles in Biomolecular Recognition Processes and Vaccine Development

With advances in polymerization techniques as well as selective chemical modification of carbohydrates, glycopolymers and glyco‐nanoparticles are emerging as an important class of materials with tailored properties or novel nanotechnology‐based platforms for a number of applications. The field of the so‐called glyco‐nanotechnology is starting to show some promises for future clinical applications. Glyco‐nanoparticles, due to their versatile nature, could offer a platform for the design of carbohydrate‐based vaccines and possibly allow the development of new single‐dose vaccines in disease areas of unmet need. This paper surveys the emerging roles of carbohydrate‐based polymeric and nanomaterials for biomolecular recognition processes and vaccine development.

     

Polysaccharides for Medical Technology: Properties and Applications

Over the past decade, the use of polysaccharides has gained tremendous attention in the field of medical technology. They have been applied in various sectors such as tissue engineering, drug delivery system, face mask, and bio-sensing. This review article provides an overview and background of polysaccharides for biomedical uses. Different types of polysaccharides, for example, cellulose and its derivatives, chitin and chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and pectin are presented. They are fabricated in various forms such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, membranes, and as porous mediums. Successful development and improvement of polysaccharide-based materials will effectively help users to enhance their quality of personal health, decrease cost, and eventually increase the quality of life with respect to sustainability.     

Azaarene cis-dihydrodiol-derived 2,2'-bipyridine ligands for asymmetric allylic oxidation and cyclopropanation

Biphenyl dioxygenase-catalysed cis-dihydroxylation of 2-chloroquinoline, 2-chloro-3-methylquinoline and 2-chloro-6-phenylpyridine substrates yielded the corresponding enantiopure cis-dihydrodiols; enantiopure 2,2'-bipyridines, synthesised in four steps from 2-chloroquinoline, proved to be efficient chiral ligands in catalytic asymmetric allylic oxidation and cyclopropanation reactions of alkenes.     

Structure, stereochemistry and synthesis of enantiopure cyclohexenone cis-diol bacterial metabolites derived from phenols

Biotransformation of 3-substituted and 2,5-disubstituted phenols, using whole cells of P. putida UV4, yielded cyclohexenone cis-diols as single enantiomers; their structures and absolute configurations have been determined by NMR and ECD spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and stereochemical correlation involving a four step chemoenzymatic synthesis from the corresponding cis-dihydrodiol metabolites. An active site model has been proposed, to account for the formation of enantiopure cyclohexenone cis-diols with opposite absolute configurations.     

Electrochemistry of cytochrome P450 BM3 in sodium dodecyl sulfate films

Direct electrochemistry of the cytochrome P450 BM3 heme domain (BM3) was achieved by confining the protein within sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) films on the surface of basal-plane graphite (BPG) electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the heme FeIII/II redox couple at -330 mV (vs Ag/AgCl, pH 7.4). Up to 10 V/s, the peak current was linear with the scan rate, allowing us to treat the system as surface-confined within this regime. The standard heterogeneous rate constant determined at 10 V/s was estimated to be 10 s-1. Voltammograms obtained for the BM3-SDS-BPG system in the presence of dioxygen exhibited catalytic waves at the onset of FeIII reduction. The altered heme reduction potential of the BM3-SDS-graphite system indicates that SDS is likely bound in the enzyme active-site region. Compared to other P450-surfactant systems, we find redox potentials and electron-transfer rates that differ by approximately 100 mV and >10-fold, respectively, indicating that the nature of the surfactant environment has a significant effect on the observed heme redox properties.