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31.
32.
Tullio Zolezzi 《Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata》1973,95(1):147-160
Summary Let Pn be a sequence of optimal control problems with fixed end times (described by ordinary differential equations, with pointwise
and norm (of controls) constraints, and with general functional). Let P0 be an ? unperturbed ? problem (of the same type). In this paper theorems are obtained about the strong convergence (in some
Lp) of optimal controls of Pn to some optimal control of P0, about the uniform convergence xn → x0 of states, and the property thatmin Pn
min P0. As corollaries, convergence theorems for some calculus of variations problems can be derived. Weak convergence theorems
of optimal controls of Pn to an optimal one of P0 were considered in[7]. A general abstract theorem about strong convergence of minimum points, generalizing a result in[5], is proved.
Indirizzo dell'autore: Istituto di Matematica, via L. B. Alberti 4 - 16132 Genova. Lavoro eseguito nell'ambito del Centro di Matematica e di Fisica Teorica del C.N.R. presso l'Università di Genova.
Entrata in Redazione il 4 maggio 1972. 相似文献
Indirizzo dell'autore: Istituto di Matematica, via L. B. Alberti 4 - 16132 Genova. Lavoro eseguito nell'ambito del Centro di Matematica e di Fisica Teorica del C.N.R. presso l'Università di Genova.
Entrata in Redazione il 4 maggio 1972. 相似文献
33.
It is shown that if the phase space of general relativity is defined so as to contain the trajectories representing solutions of the equations of motion then, for asymptotically flat spaces, the Hamiltonian does not vanish but its value is given rather by a nonzero surface integral. If the deformations of the surface on which the state is defined are restricted so that the surface moves asymptotically parallel to itself in the time direction, then the surface integral gives directly the energy of the system, prior to fixing the coordinates or solving the constraints. Under more general conditions (when asymptotic Poincaré transformations are allowed) the surface integrals giving the total momentum and angular momentum also contribute to the Hamiltonian. These quantities are also identified without reference to a particular fixation of the coordinates. When coordinate conditions are imposed the associated reduced Hamiltonian is unambiguously obtained by introducing the solutions of the constraints into the surface integral giving the numerical value of the unreduced Hamiltonian. In the present treatment there are therefore no divergences that cease to be divergences after coordinate conditions are imposed. The procedure of reduction of the Hamiltonian is explicity carried out for two cases: (a) Maximal slicing, (b) ADM coordinate conditions.A Hamiltonian formalism which is manifestly covariant under Poincaré transformations at infinity is presented. In such a formalism the ten independent variables describing the asymptotic location of the surface are introduced, together with corresponding conjugate momenta, as new canonical variables in the same footing with the gij, πij. In this context one may fix the coordinates in the “interior” but still leave open the possibility of making asymptotic Poincaré transformations. In that case all ten generators of the Poincaré group are obtained by inserting the solution of the constraints into corresponding surface integrals. 相似文献
34.
Palmisano G Addamo M Augugliaro V Caronna T García-López E Loddo V Palmisano L 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2006,(9):1012-1014
Experimental results are reported showing that the photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds containing an electron-donor group (EDG) gives rise mainly to ortho- and para-monohydroxy derivatives while in the presence of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) all the monohydroxy derivatives are obtained. 相似文献
35.
We present a new construction of finite Gelfand pairs by looking at the action of the full automorphism group of a finite spherically homogeneous rooted tree of type r on the variety V(r,s) of all spherically homogeneous subtrees of type s.This generalizes well-known examples as the finite ultrametric space, the Hamming scheme and the Johnson scheme.We also present further generalizations of these classical examples. The first two are based on Harary's notions of composition and exponentiation of group actions. Finally, the generalized Johnson scheme provides the inductive step for the harmonic analysis of our main construction. 相似文献
36.
37.
Monica Averna Alessandro A. Casazza Antonino Martines Marco Pedrazzi Alice Franchi Roberta De Tullio 《Natural product research》2019,33(10):1449-1455
We are reporting in the present study that molecules extracted from olive pomace prevent cell death induced by Ca2+-overloading in different cell types. Exposure of cells to these molecules counteracts the Ca2+-induced cell damages by reducing the activation of the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain, acting possibly through the modification of the permeability to Ca2+ of the plasma membrane. The purification step by RP-HPLC suggests that effective compound(s), differing from the main biophenols known to be present in the olive pomace extract, could be responsible for this effect. Our observations suggest that bioactive molecules present in the olive pomace could be potential candidates for therapeutic applications in pathologies characterised by alterations of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. 相似文献
38.
Metrangolo P Meyer F Pilati T Resnati G Terraneo G 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2008,47(33):6114-6127
Halogen bonding is the noncovalent interaction where halogen atoms function as electrophilic species. The energetic and geometrical features of the interaction are described along with the atomic characteristics that confer molecules with the specific ability to interact through this interaction. Halogen bonding has an impact on all research fields where the control of intermolecular recognition and self-assembly processes plays a key role. Some principles are presented for crystal engineering based on halogen-bonding interactions. The potential of the interaction is also shown by applications in liquid crystals, magnetic and conducting materials, and biological systems. 相似文献
39.
Metrangolo P Meyer F Pilati T Resnati G Terraneo G 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2008,(14):1635-1637
We describe the use of halogen bonding for the deliberate construction of cation-templated anionic (6,3) networks thanks to a strategy based on the mutual induced fitting of the valences of the building blocks. 相似文献
40.
Gabriella Cavallo Giancarlo Terraneo Alessandro Monfredini Marco Saccone Arri Priimagi Tullio Pilati Giuseppe Resnati Pierangelo Metrangolo Duncan W. Bruce 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,128(21):6408-6412
Unconventional ionic liquid crystals in which the liquid crystallinity is enabled by halogen‐bonded supramolecular anions [CnF2 n+1‐I⋅⋅⋅I⋅⋅⋅I‐CnF2 n+1]− are reported. The material system is unique in many ways, demonstrating for the first time 1) ionic, halogen‐bonded liquid crystals, and 2) imidazolium‐based ionic liquid crystals in which the occurrence of liquid crystallinity is not driven by the alkyl chains of the cation. 相似文献