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The trend of miniaturization in bioanalytical chemistry is shifting from technical development to practical application. In matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), progress in miniaturizing sample spots has been driven by the needs to increase sensitivity and speed, to interface with other analytical microtechnologies, and to develop miniaturized instrumentation.We review recent developments in miniaturizing sample spots for MALDI-MS. We cover both target modification and microdispensing technologies, and we emphasize the benefits with respect to sensitivity, throughput and automation.We hope that this review will encourage further method development and application of miniaturized sample spots for MALDI-MS, so as to expand applications in analytical chemistry, protein science and molecular biology. 相似文献
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An expeditious and high-yield formal synthesis of hirsutene has been achieved. This synthesis features Rh(I)-catalyzed [(5+2)+1] cycloaddition to construct a bicyclic cyclooctenone, which can be efficiently transformed to bicyclic diketone, an advanced intermediate for racemic and asymmetric syntheses of hirsutene. 相似文献
994.
Xiao-Yan Gao Yong Jiang Jian-qiu Lu Peng-Fei Tu 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(11):2118-2123
Due to the complexity of the chemical constitution of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), now there is a trend to establish methods, using multi-components analysis, for the effective quality control of TCMs. However, the limited availability of multiple reference substances hinders the wide popularization for routine quality control of TCMs. Using an easily available single component contained in the analyte as an internal standard to determine multiple analogues should be a practical option. In this study, we selected rhubarb rhizome as an example, and used emodin, the easily available active component, as the external standard to determine directly the content of emodin in rhubarb, and the same component as the internal standard to simultaneously determine the other six anthraquinones in rhubarb. Compared with the results obtained using the external standard method, this alternative method was found to have no statistically significant differences in our laboratory as verified by the F-test (p = 95%, n = 6). However, due to weak robustness caused by the fluctuation of relative response factors in different laboratories, such a method can only serve as a practical measure to solve the lack of so many chemical standard substances when relative response factors have been determined. This alternative method can then be used without reference substances. Once the corresponding chemical standards are available and are acceptable as well as cost-effective, then the external standard method for the simultaneous determination of multiple components (SDMC) in TCMs will prevail. 相似文献
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Ümmühan Ocak Miraç Ocak Kazimierz Surowiec Richard A. Bartsch Maryna G. Gorbunova Chuqiao Tu Malgorzata A. Surowiec 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2009,63(1-2):131-139
The influence of metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+) on the spectroscopic properties of two dansyl (1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl) groups linked to the lower rims of a series of three, structurally related, di-ionized calix[4]arenes was investigated by means of absorption and emission spectrophotometry. Di(tetramethylammonium) salts of the di-ionized ligands, (TMA)2L1, (TMA)2L2 and (TMA)2L3, which differ in having zero, two and four tert-butyl groups, respectively, on the upper rim of the calix[4]arene scaffold were utilized for the spectrofluorimetric titration experiments in acetonitrile. On complexation by alkaline earth metal cations, both the absorption and emission spectra undergo marked red shifts and quenching of the dansyl fluorescence. These effects are weaker with alkali metal cations. Transition metal cations interact strongly with the ligands. In particular, Fe3+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ cause greater than 97% quenching of the dansyl fluorescence in the di-ionized ligands. 相似文献
1000.
Huajun Zhu Xiaogang Deng Meiliang Mao Huayong Liu & Guohua Tu 《advances in applied mathematics and mechanics.》2016,8(4):670-692
We compare in this paper the properties of Osher flux with O-variant and
P-variant (Osher-O flux and Osher-P flux) in finite volume methods for the two-dimensional
Euler equations and propose an entropy fix technique to improve their
robustness. We consider both first-order and second-order reconstructions. For inviscid
hypersonic flow past a circular cylinder, we observe different problems for different
schemes: a first-order Osher-O scheme on quadrangular grids yields a carbuncle
shock, while a first-order Osher-P scheme results in a dislocation shock for high Mach
number cases. In addition, a second-order Osher scheme can also yield a carbuncle
shock or be unstable. To improve the robustness of these schemes we propose an entropy
fix technique, and then present numerical results to show the effectiveness of
the proposed method. In addition, the influence of grid aspects ratio, relative shock
position to the grid and Mach number on shock stability are tested. Viscous heating
problem and double Mach reflection problem are simulated to test the influence of the
entropy fix on contact resolution and boundary layer resolution. 相似文献