Front and back surface cw CO2-laser annealing of arsenic ion-implanted silicon

The annealing behavior of arsenic-implanted silicon under scanned cw CO₂-laser irradiation from front and back surfaces is investigated. Ellipsometry, Hall effect, Rutherford backscattering measurements and neutron activation analysis indicate an enhancement of annealing efficiency by laser irradiation from the back surface, which provides complete recovery of crystal damage, high substitutionality and electrical activation of implanted arsenic atoms without redistribution of concentration profile. The enhancement of annealing efficiency under back-surface irradiation is explained by the difference in laser reflection from the front and back surface of silicon wafers. No differences in the results are found for scanned and static annealing.     

Preparation of 2,5,7-trithiabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane from 1,2-bis-triisopropylsilanylsulfanyl alkenes

[reaction: see text] The chemical behavior of 1,2-bis-triisopropylsilanylsulfanyl alkenes 1 is relatively unexplored, and the weak sulfur-silicon bonds give rise to various transformations. Under acidic conditions (HCl) and in the presence of a Lewis acid at room temperature the bicyclic adduct 2 is obtained in good yield. The structure was confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis with R = benzyl.     

On some methods for performance ranking and correspondence analysis in the DEA context

Two novel methods named performance baseline and performance correspondence matrices are proposed to evaluate the performance of decision making units (DMUs) based on the techniques of singular value decomposition (SVD). The performance baseline matrix can be used to rank all the DMUs because it provides a common basis for performance comparison. The performance correspondence matrix can be used to conduct performance cluster analysis, with which to explore the structure of input/output variables that are associated with DMUs. The analysis can reveal the performance difference of the DMUs and the key input/output variables determining the efficiency of a certain DMU, and provides valuable quantitative information for adjusting variables to improve efficiency of the DMU. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate that the proposed methods in this work are effective and easy to use and can provide insights into proper selection of input/output variables for performance comparison to avoid over manipulating DEA models in practice.     

Cyclization of 2- and 3-indolylthiobenzoic,phenylacetic and nicotinic acids and esters to novel indole-containing tetracyclic ring systems

A series of 2- and 3-indolylthio benzoic, phenylacetic and nicotinic acids or esters were cyclized under dehydrative conditions affording several tetracyclic indole-containing ketones, several of which constitute the first reported examples of novel ring systems, such as the [1]benzothiepino[2,3-b] and [3,2-b]indole and the pyrido[3′2′:5,6] and [3′4′:5,6]thiopyrano[2,3-b] and [3,2-b]indole as well as the [3′2′:5,6] and [3′4′:5,6][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]indole ring systems.     

一个亲脂的环腺苷酸类似物的合成及其活性

基于高度亲脂的分子可能增强对神经细胞膜的渗透力的设想,合成了一种新的环腺苷酸的类似物2'-O-oleoy1-2-(?)aza-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate(3),发现在10~(-3),10~(-4)和10~(-5)M时,该化合物对小鼠神经胶质癌组织培养细胞的杀灭率分别是97%,86%和60%。     

Updates to the dualized standard model on fermion masses and mixings

The dualized standard model has scored a number of successes in explaining the fermion mass hierarchy and mixing pattern. This note contains updates to those results including (a) an improved treatment of neutrino oscillations free from previous assumptions on the neutrino masses, and hence admitting now the preferred LMA solution to solar neutrinos; (b) an understanding of the limitation of the one-loop calculation so far performed, thus explaining the two previous discrepancies with the data; and (c) an analytic derivation with some new insights and confirmation of the numerical results previously obtained.Received: 5 March 2003, Revised: 24 April 2003, Published online: 11 July 2003     

Circumstantial evidence for rotating mass matrix from fermion mass and mixing data

It is shown that existing data on the mixing between up and down fermion states and on the hierarchical mass ratios between fermion generations, as far as can be so analyzed at present, are all consistent with the two phenomena being both consequences of a mass matrix rotating in generation space with changing energy scale. As a result, the rotating mass matrix can be traced over some 14 orders of magnitude in energy from the mass scale of the t quark at 175 GeV to below that of the atmospheric neutrino at 0.05 eV. Received: 27 August 2002 / Published online: 24 January 2003 RID="a" ID="a" e-mail: jose.m.bordes@uv.es RID="b" ID="b" e-mail: h.m.chan@rl.ac.uk RID="c" ID="c" e-mail: tsou@maths.ox.ac.uk     

Diffractive scattering in the dual model

A method is suggested for calculating the elastic amplitude as the shadow of multiparticle processes. This does not require explicit formulae for the production amplitudes, but depends only on the following assumptions: (a) Regge behaviour, (b) semi-local duality, (c) exchange degeneracy. The system is multiperipheral in general structure but because of the assumption (a)-(c), it incorporates such features as the clustering of final particles and provides a proper treatment of quantum numbers, phases, and resonance spins. As a result, the unitarity sum separates automatically into two components corresponding respectively to pomeron and ordinary reggeon exchange, each of which is seen to have the correct qualitative dependence on the quantum numbers, the energy s, and the momentum transfer t. Quantitatively, the elastic amplitude is given in terms of a triple-Regge vertex, for which we suggest a simple parametization based on a detailed study of existing experiment and the Veneziano model. The method is then applied to calculate the elastic amplitudes for π^±p, K^±p and pp within the range 6 < s < 50 and 0 > t > ?0.5 GeV². Semi-quantitative agreement is obtained with experiment with essentially no free parameter. Although the investigation is restricted at present to elastic scattering as the shadow of only the non-diffractive component satisfying (a)-(c), the method is believed to apply also to other diffractive processes, and may be regarded as the first step in an iterative solution of the full unitarity equation.     

Ultrafast all-optical demultiplexer based on monolithic Mach–Zehnder interferometer with integrated semiconductor optical amplifiers

A monolithically integrated and fully packaged Mach–Zehnder interferometer with semiconductor optical amplifiers (MZI-SOA) is demonstrated as polarisation-independent high-speed demultiplexer for up to 160 Gbit/s optical time division multiplexed (OTDM) data streams.