A computer-based spectrophotometric study of the kinetics of the aquation of halogenopentammine-chromium(III) perchlorate

Conventional determinations of rate constants k from absorption spectra employ a few selected wavelengths: by digitizing the complete spectrum computer calculations of k can be made at most wavelengths, and hence with better precision. This has here been satisfactorily tested for the aquation of halogenopentamminechromium(III) perchlorate. Two independent procedures are described, which are approximately equally onerous on computer time. Additionally, these procedures are shown to yield identical computer-generated spectra for the halogeno-complex before aquation commences, and accurate time infinity spectra, of the aquo-complex, for long half-life reactions. They also efficiently eliminate the effects of spectrophotometer instability over long periods of time.     

Die Kristallstruktur und absolute Konfiguration von Mikrolin

The Crystal Structure and Absolute Configuration of Mikrolin. The crystal structure and absolute configuration of mikrolin has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystals of mikrolin belong to space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a = 17.867, b = 7.947, c = 9.824 Å, Z = 4. The structure was solved by multi-solution method, and refined to R = 0.060. The anomalous scattering of CuKα-radiation by chlorine was used to determine the absolute configuration of the molecule.     

The distance separating quantum theory from reality

A local realistic model of optical cascades, involving just one angular hidden variable, is found to give a coincidence curve which differs from the quantum-theoretic curve by an average of 1.5% for currently realizable experiments. The results indicates that it is extremely difficult, though not impossible, to use such experiments to discriminate between quantum theory and local realistic theories. However, in no experiment performed to date has sufficient accuracy been achieved to make such a discrimination.     

Conductance of tetraalkylammonium salts in propylene carbonate at 25°C

Conductance measurements of 12 quaternary ammonium salts in propylene carbonate (PC) have been made at 25°C. The cations were either tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, or tetra-n-butylammonium, and the concentrations of salt varied from about 2×10^–4 to 5×10^–3 M. The data were analyzed by the equation of Pitts. The results showed that the benzoate, nitrobenzoate, and pentachlorophenolate salts are completely dissociated. The nitrophenolate, chlorophenolate, methylsulfonate, and nitrate salts are only slightly associated (K _A from 2.5 to 6.5), while the acetate, phenylacetate, and nitrophenolate salts display somewhat more extensive association, with ionpair association constants from 17 to 45. Limiting molar conductances for the anions were derived. The factors affecting ionic mobilities in this dipolar aprotic solvent are discussed.On leave 1973–1975 from the University of Gdask, Poland.