Chloridionenübergänge in Phenylphosphoroxychlorid, 3. Mitt.: Konduktometrische Untersuchungen

Zusammenfassung Leitfähigkeitsmessungen an Et₄NCl-Lösungen zeigen die Gültigkeit derBjerrumschen Theorie in PhPOCl₂; die Dissoziationskonstante beträgt 1,5·10^–2. FeCl₃ verhält sich nicht wie eine Ionenverbindung, doch ähnlich wie in POCl₃. Zur Verfolgung von Ionenreaktionen wurden konduktometrische Titrationen ausgeführt. ZnCl₂ und AlCl₃ geben 2 Chloridionen, BCl₃, TiCl₄, SnCl₄ und PCl₅ je 1 Chloridion an die Akzeptoren FeCl₃ oder SbCl₅, ab. In Gegenwart von polaren Chloriden nehmen BCl₃, AlCl₃, FeCl₃, PCl₅ und SbCl₅ je 1 Chloridion, ZnCl₂, TiCl₄ und SnCl₄ je nach Angebot 1 oder 2 Chloridionen auf. Sowohl die Chlorometallate, als auch die Chloroniumverbindungen sind im gleichen Ausmaß wie Et₄NCl ionisiert.Mit 4 Abbildungen2. Mitt.:M. Baaz, V. Gutmann, M. Y. A. Talaat undT. S. West, Mh. Chem.92, 150 (1961).Herrn Prof. Dr.L. F. Audrieth zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Rhodium and palladium β-diketonate determination with on-line supercritical fluid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography via solid phase extraction

 An on-line system of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) via solid phase extraction (SPE) is described for the determination of palladium and rhodium 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione-(thd) as well as rhodium-acetylacetonate-(acac) and benzylacetonate-(bzac) chelates. The chelates were extracted with supercritical CO₂ from sand and humic acid, concentrated on SPE cartridges and analysed with HPLC. Two cartridge materials were tested and compared to off-line trapping. The percentage of the breakthrough and cartridge retained material were measured in liquid dichloromethane. The SFE conditions could be optimized to separate metal chelates during the extraction. The supercritical fluid (SF) behaviour of different ligands on rhodium were investigated. Received: 19 July 1996/Revised: 11 December 1996/Accepted: 14 December 1996     

Synthesis and properties of crosslinked polyvinylformamide and polyvinylamine hydrogels in conjunction with silica particles

Polyvinylamine hydrogels with silica particles encapsulated (PVAm/silica) were produced by a two‐step synthesis. In the first step, polyvinylformamide/silica (PVFA/silica) hybrids were synthesized from vinylformamide (VFA) and 1,3‐divinylimidazolidin‐2‐one (1,3‐bisvinylethyleneurea, BVU), as the crosslinker, by radical copolymerization in silica/water suspensions using different compositions of VFA/BVU. The target product PVAm/silica was obtained by acidic hydrolysis of the PVFA/silica hydrogels in a second step. The chemical structures of both hydrogels, PVFA/silica and PVAm/silica, respectively, were revealed by solid‐state ¹³C(¹H) cross‐polarity/magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Both hydrogels swelled significantly in water. The swelling capacity of the two systems was characterized by the correlation length ξ (or hydrodynamic blob size) of the network meshes with small‐angle neutron scattering experiments. ξ is significantly larger for PVAm/silica than for PVFA/silica, which corresponds to the observed higher swelling capacity of this polyelectrolyte material. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of the hybrid hydrogels was quantitatively described in terms of free swell capacity, centrifuge‐retention capacity, adsorption against pressure, and free swell rate as compared with values of the corresponding copolymer hydrogels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3144–3152, 2002     

Ebullioskopische Untersuchungen in Phosphoroxychlorid, 2. Mitt.

Zusammenfassung Bei Zugabe von TiCl₄ zu einer Suspension von KCl (Molverhältnis 11) in POCl₃ entsteht eine Lösung, aus der K[TiCl₅ · POCl₃] isoliert werden kann. Dieses verhält sich ähnlich wie K FeCl₄ als binärer Elektrolyt in POCl₃. Ebullioskopische Untersuchungen an FeCl₃- und AlCl₃-Lösungen zeigen das Vorliegen von Polymerkörpern an, die langsam abgebaut werden.Mit 3 AbbildungenZugleich 26. Mitt. der Reihe: Das Solvosystem Phosphoroxychlorid; 25. Mitt.:M. Baaz, V. Gutmann undM. Y. A. Talaat, Mh. Chem.92, 714 (1961).1. Mitt.:V. Gutmann undF. Mairinger, Mh. Chem.91, 529 (1960).     

Regiospecific alkylation of tetronic acids : Formation of 4-alkoxy-5H-furan-2-ones and 2-alkoxy-5H-furan-4-ones

2-Alkoxy-5$\text{H}$-furan-4-ones (7,8) and 4-alkoxy-5$\text{H}$-furan-2-ones (4,5) were prepared regiospecifically and in high yields from tetronic acids (4-hydroxy-5$\text{H}$-furan-2-ones) (2) in the first case by acetylating the 4-OH group and then reacting with trialkyloxonium tetrafluoroborate, and in the second case by alkylating tetrabutylammonium tetronates with dialkyl sulfate, respectively. Direct alkylation of tetronic acids with trialkyloxonium tetrafluoroborate gave in four cases regiospecific 2-O-alkylation, in one case 4-O-alkylation and in two other cases mixtures of 2- and 4-alkoxy derivatives.     

Über die Reduktion der Titanchloride

Es wird über den Verlauf der Reduktion eines Ti(IV)-chlorid-Wasserstoff-Gemisches in der elektrischen Entladung in Gegenwart einer Na-Elektrode berichtet. Titanmetall entsteht in feinverteilter Form. An der Reduktion ist im verwendeten Entladegefäß Natrium wegen der Rückreaktion von HCl stärker beteiligt als der Wasserstoff.Die Teilung des Vorganges in zwei Stufen durch Herstellung von Ti(II)-chlorid mit Wasserstoff in der elektrischen Entladung und nachträgliche Umsetzung mit Natrium bei 300°C führt zu feinem, aber gut kristallisiertem Titanmetall.Aus Ti(II)-chlorid-haltigen NaCl–KCl-Schmelzen läßt sich bei rd. 800°C Titan kompakt abscheiden.Die Löslichkeit von Ti(II)-chlorid in verschiedenen nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmitteln wird geprüft und die Leitfähigkeit gemessen. In gleicher Weise werden auch Ti(IV)-chlorid und Dicyclopentadienyltitanchlorid untersucht.

---

---

Mit 4 Abbildungen     

Short and stereoselective synthesis of C-glycosylated glycine derivatives from glycals by radical addition and reduction

Only three steps are required for the convenient synthesis of 2-C-branched glyco-amino acids from glycals with good yields and stereoselectivities.     

Ultrafast proton-coupled electron-transfer dynamics in pyrene-modified pyrimidine nucleosides: model studies towards an understanding of reductive electron transport in DNA.

5-(Pyren-1-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine (PydU) and 5-(Pyren-1-yl)-2'-deoxycytidine (PydC) were used as model nucleosides for DNA-mediated reductive electron transport (ET) in steady-state fluorescence and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy studies. Excitation of the pyrene moiety in PydU and PydC leads to an intramolecular electron transfer that yields the pyrenyl radical cation and the corresponding pyrimidine radical anion (dU.- and dC.-. By comparing the excited state dynamics of PydC and PydU, we derived information about the energy difference between the two pyrimidine radical anion states. To determine the influence of protonation on the rates of photoinduced intramolecular ET, the spectroscopic investigations were performed in acetonitrile, MeCN, and in water at different pH values. The results show a significant difference in the basicity of the generated pyrimidine radical anions and imply an involvement of proton transfer during electron hopping in DNA. Our studies revealed that the radical anion dC.- is being protonated even in basic aqueous solution on a picosecond time scale (or faster). These results suggest that protonation of dC.- may also occur in DNA. In contrast, efficient ET in PydU could only be observed at low pH values (< 5). In conclusion, we propose--based on the free energy differences and the different basicities--that only dT.- but not dC.- can participate as an intermediate charge carrier for excess electron migration in DNA.     

N-Pentafluorphenylborazinderivate und einige neue perfluorarylsubstituierte Borazine

Zusammenfassung Über Synthese und Eigenschaften einiger neuer N-Pentafluor-phenylborazinderivate wird berichtet. Die Herstellung erfolgt durch Umsetzung des Triäthylamin-Trihalogenborankomplexes mit Pentafluoranilin. Das chemische Verhalten einschließlich ihrer hydrolytischen Beständigkeit wird beschrieben und ihre IR-Spektren diskutiert. Frühere Literaturangaben über N-Triphenyl-B-trifluorborazin wurden nicht bestätigt.

---

The synthesis and properties of some new N-pentafluorophenylborazine derivatives are described. The preparation is carried out by reacting the complex made from triethylamine and boron (III) halide with pentafluoroaniline. Their reactions and hydrolytic stability is described. The IR-spectra have been recorded and are discussed. An earlier report on N-triphenyl-B-trifluoroborazine was not confirmed.

---

---

Mit 5 Abbildungen

---

1. Mitt.:A. Meller, M. Wechsberg, undV. Gutmann, Mh. Chem.96, 388 (1965).

---

2. Mitt.:A. Meller, V. Gutmann undM. Wechsberg, Inorg.-Nucl. Chem. Letters1, 79 (1965).