Areas of two-dimensional moduli spaces

Wolpert's formula expresses the Weil-Petersson -form in terms of the Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates in case of a closed or punctured surface. The area-form in Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates is invariant under the mapping class group on each 2-dimensional Teichmüller space of a surface with singularities, hence areas with respect to it can be calculated for 2-dimensional moduli spaces in cases when the Teichmüller space admits global Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates: The area of the moduli space for the signature is , the definition of signature is generalized to include punctures, cone points and geodesic boundary curves. In case the surface is represented by a Fuchsian group, the area is the classical Weil-Petersson area.     

A facile formation of cyclic selenuranes and a cyclic selenurane oxide in the reaction of 2-methylseleno- and 2-phenylselenobenzoic acids and their derivatives with t-butyl hydroperoxide

The reaction of 2-methylselenobenzoic acid with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole followed by addition of t-butyl hydroperoxide gave cyclic selenuranes $\text{2a}$ and $\text{3a}$, suggesting the intramolecular insertion of the neighboring selenium atom into the OO bond of t-butyl 2-methylselenoperoxybenzoate. In the reaction of 2-phenylselenobenzoyl chloride with t-butyl hydroperoxide, cyclic selenurane $\text{2b}$ and the oxide $\text{7}$ were obtained.     

Charge-transfer bands observed with the intermolecular hydrogen-bonded systems between acetic acid and some aliphatic amines

Near and vacuum uv absorption spectra were measured for aliphatic amine-acetic acid systems in the gaseous state and in solution at room temperature. Equilibrium constants for complex formation were determined, and new absorption bands due to the hydrogen-bonded species between amines and acetic acid were observed near 170 nm in n-heptane and in acetonitrile, and at ～165 nm in the vapor phase. The new band of the triethylamine (TEA)-acetic acid system shifts to longer wavelengths in the order: in the vapor phase → in n-heptane → in acetonitrile. This is the reverse of the shift of the $\text{n-σ}{}^1$ band of TEA. The new band positions of the amine-acetic acid systems correlate to the ionization potentials of the amines. These facts together with theoretical results by the composite molecule method lead us to the interpretation that the new bands are the charge-transfer band characteristic of the hydrogen-bonded species.     

Measurement of polarized target asymmetry in γp → π+n below 1.02 GeV

The polarized target asymmetry for the process γp → π⁺n has been measured for incident photon energies below 1.02 GeV over a range of c.m. angles from 40° to 160°. π⁺ mesons from a polarized butanol target were detected by a magnetic spectrometer. The results are compared with predictions given by existing analyses. A tentative interpretation of the data is performed, and a larger contribution of S-wave resonances is suggested. The photocouplings of dominant resonances were hardly changed by the inclusion of new data and they seem to be almost uniquely determined.     

Philanthotoxins. A mass spectrometric investigation

A method employing liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in conjunction with metastable-ion measurements (linked scanning at constant B/E) to obtain sequence-specific information for three synthetic polyamine isomers was developed. The normal liquid SIMS spectra gave molecular weight information, but important sequence ions were of low intensity or obscured by the background. The metastable-ion spectra contained important fragment ions in particular due to cleavage along the polyamine chain. One of the three synthetic isomers was identical with a toxin present in the venom of the digger wasp. In conjunction with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies, this should be a powerful method for the structural characterization of other closely related toxins present in the venom of this wasp.     

Effect of phenylhydrazine-induced structural alterations of human erythrocytes on basic drug penetration

The phospholipid organization, lipid fluidity and spectrin degradation were measured in human erythrocytes oxidized with phenylhydrazine, and the contribution of these structural alterations to the penetration of perazine and promethazine into the membrane was estimated. It was found that exposure of erythrocytes to phenylhydrazine (0.2--0.4 mg/ml) produced a 35--40% decrease in the amount of spectrin, with resultant gross morphological changes to the echinocyte conformation. The phosphatidylethanolamine content in the treated erythrocytes was greatly lowered compared with that in the untreated cells. Treatment with phenylhydrazine (0.05--0.2 mg/ml) dramatically diminished the lipid fluidity of the membrane, as estimated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, and the ESR study revealed increased restriction of the molecular motion of the hydrophobic core in the treated membrane. These results suggest a drastic alteration of the erythrocyte membrane structure. The amount of drugs which penetrated into the treated erythrocytes increased markedly with increasing phenylhydrazine concentration, suggesting enhanced membrane permeability and facilitated localization of the drugs in the hydrophobic regions due to the structural changes and partial disturbance of the lipid organization.     

Dependence of the fundamental absorption edge of CdInGaS4 on hydrostatic pressure

The optical absorption of CdInGaS₄ single crystals has been measured over a hydrostatic pressure range up to 40 kbar in the 2.0–3.0 eV photon energy range at room temperature. The interband gap for the indirect allowed transition was found to have a pressure coefficient, dEg/dP, of +6.4 × 10^-6ev/bar.