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181.
(E)-2-(5-Trimenthylstannyl-2-thienyl)ethenyldimethylphenylsilane. (E)-8, which can be stereospecifically prepared from (Z)-1-dimethylphenylsilyl-2-(2-thienyl)-1-trimethylstannyl-ethene, (Z)-6, or from (E)-2-(2-thienyl)ethenyldimethylphenylsilane, (E)-9, serves as an equivalent to the 2-ethenylthiophene d 1', d 5-synthon, 20, in an efficient two-step synthesis of 5-ethenyl-5′-(1-propynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene, 10, a naturally-occurring phototoxin. In the first step of this synthesis compound (E)-8 undergoes a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with 2-iodo-5-(1-propynyl)thiophene, 16, and in th second step the so obtained cross-coupling product, (E)-17, undergoes a protodesilylation reaction. 相似文献
182.
Chen HY Di Tommaso D Hogarth G Catlow CR 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2011,40(2):402-412
New insights into the structural, electronic and catalytic properties of Fe complexes are provided by a density functional theory study of model as well as real [Fe(II)(H)(2)(diphosphine)(diamine)] systems. Calculations conducted using several different functionals on the trans- and cis-isomers of [Fe(II)(H)(2)(S-xylbinap)(S,S-dpen)] complexes show that, as with the [Ru(II)(H)(2)(diphosphine)(diamine)] complexes, the trans-[Fe(II)(H)(2)(diphosphine)(diamine)] complex is the more stable isomer. Analysis of the spin states of the trans-[Fe(II)(H)(2)(diphosphine)(diamine)] complexes also shows that the singlet state is significantly more stable than the triplet and the quintet, as with the [Ru(II)(H)(2)(diphosphine)(diamine)] complexes. Calculations of the catalytic cycle for the hydrogenation of ketones using two model trans-[M(II)(H)(2)(PH(3))(2)(en)] catalysts, where M = Ru and Fe, show that the mechanism of reaction as well as the activation energies are very similar, in particular: (i) the ketone/alcohol hydrogen transfer reaction occurs through the metal-ligand bifunctional mechanism, with energy barriers of 3.4 and 3.2 kcal mol(-1) for the Ru- and Fe-catalysed reactions, respectively; (ii) the heterolytic splitting of H(2) across the M[partial double bond, bottom dashed]N bond for the regeneration of the Ru and Fe catalysts has an activation barrier of 13.8 and 12.8 kcal mol(-1), respectively, and is expected to be the rate determining step for both catalytic systems. The reduction of acetophenone by trans-[M(II)(H)(2)(S-xylbinap)(S,S-dpen)] complexes along two competitive reaction pathways, shows that the intermediates for the Fe catalytic system are similar to those responsible for the high enantioselectivity of (R)-alcohol in those proposed trans-[Ru(II)(H)(2)(S-xylbinap)(S,S-dpen)] catalysed acetophenone hydrogenation reaction. Thus the high enantiomeric excess in the hydrogenation of acetophenone could, in principle, be achieved using Fe catalysts. 相似文献
183.
A rapid and very sensitive method for the accurate determination of free iodide in real samples is described. The method is based on anion-exchange chromatographic separation coupled with amperometric detection at a modified platinum electrode under constant applied potential (+0.85 V vs. Ag AgCl). An experimental setup with an in-line and very effective method of electrode modification is proposed using an amperometric thin-layer cross-flow detector and a flowing solution 300 mg/L of iodide; the working electrode is polarised to the limiting current for oxidation of iodide to iodine in acidic solutions with the consequent formation of an iodine-based film. The results indicated that the modified electrode exhibits high analytical response for iodide electrooxidation with good stability and long-life. The signal intensity of daily experimental sessions (8 h), during which standards and real samples were repeatedly injected, exhibits a moderate lowering (i.e. <6%). Using a mixture of 25 mM HNO3 and 50 mM NaNO3 as an eluent phase in ion-exchange chromatography, the detection limit of iodide was estimated to be 0.5 g/L (S/N=3) with an injection volume of 50 L. This method was applied successfully to quantify the iodide content of milk samples and in wastewaters as well as trace amounts in common vegetables and solutions containing high chloride levels. 相似文献
184.
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of randomly oriented 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran enantiomers.
Anna Giardini Daniele Catone Stefano Stranges Mauro Satta Mario Tacconi Susanna Piccirillo Stefano Turchini Nicola Zema Giorgio Contini Tommaso Prosperi Pietro Decleva Devis Di Tommaso Giovanna Fronzoni Mauro Stener Antonello Filippi Maurizio Speranza 《Chemphyschem》2005,6(6):1164-1168
Circular dichroism in the angular distribution of valence photoelectrons emitted from randomly oriented 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran enantiomers (ThS and ThR) has been observed in gas-phase experiments using circularly polarized vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. The measured dichroism for both ThS and ThR, acquired at the single magic angle theta=234.73 degrees and at photon energies of 22, 19, 16, and 14 eV, points to an asymmetric forward-backward scattering of the photoelectrons from their highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) HOMO-1 and HOMO-2, of up to 5%, depending on the photon energy. The asymmetry reverses on exchange of either the helicity of the radiation or the configuration of Th. The photoionization dichroic D parameters of ThS and ThR have been measured and their values discussed in the light of LCAO B-spline density functional theory (DFT) predictions. While an acceptable agreement is found between the dichroic parameter measured and calculated at the highest photon energy for the HOMO and HOMO-2 orbitals of Th, a significant discrepancy is observed for the HOMO-1 state which is attributed to the floppiness of Th, in particular to the comparatively large sensitivity of the size and shape of its HOMO-1 on nuclear vibrational motion. 相似文献
185.
Stranges S Alagia M Decleva P Stener M Fronzoni G Toffoli D Speranza M Catone D Turchini S Prosperi T Zema N Contini G Keheyan Y 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(27):12517-12528
The electronic structure of epichlorohydrin is investigated in the whole valence region by a combined experimental and theoretical study. The issue of controversial assignments of the molecular electronic structure is here addressed. Photoelectron spectra (PES) and Threshold Photoelectron spectra (TPES) of room temperature molecules in the gas phase are recorded. Geometries and energies of the stable conformers due to internal rotation of the C-C-C-Cl dihedral angle, gauche-II (g-II), gauche-I (g-I), and cis, are calculated, and the effect of the conformational flexibility on the photoionization energetics is studied by DFT and 2h-1p Configuration Interaction (CI) methods. Strong breakdown of the Koopmans Theorem (KT) is obtained for the four outermost ionizations, which are further investigated by higher level ab initio calculations. The full assignment of the spectrum is put on a firm basis by the combination of experimental and theoretical results. The orbital composition from correlated calculations is found closer to the DFT orbitals, which are then used to analyze the electronic structure of the molecule. The Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and HOMO--2 are n(O)/n(Cl) mixed orbitals. The nature of each valence MO is generally preserved in all the conformers, although the magnitude of the n(O)/n(Cl) mixing in HOMO and HOMO--2 varies to some extent with the C-C-C-Cl dihedral angle. The low energy part of the HOMO PE band is predicted to be substantially affected by the conformational flexibility, as experimentally observed in the spectra. The rest of the spectrum is described in terms of the dominant conformer g-II, and a good agreement between experiment and theory is found. The inner-valence PE spectrum is characterized by satellite structures, due to electron correlation effects, which are interpreted by means of 2h-1p CI calculations. 相似文献
186.
Concina I Frison E Braga A Silvestrini S Maggini M Sberveglieri G Vomiero A Carofiglio T 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(42):11656-11658
Real-time monitoring of dye loading (N3 and N719) under continuous flow conditions on TiO(2) photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells has been applied to quantitatively investigate dye uptake kinetics, demonstrating that static impregnation provides in all cases higher dye loading and, as a consequence, better working devices. 相似文献
187.
Kroumova V Gobbato E Basso E Mucedola L Giani T Fortina G 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2011,25(15):2247-2249
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the rapid identification of bacteria from growing colonies. In order to speed up the identification of bacteria, several authors have evaluated the usefulness of this MALDI-TOF MS technology for the direct and quick identification bacteria from positive blood cultures. The results obtained so far have been encouraging but have also shown some limitations, mainly related to the bacterial growth and to the presence of interference substances belonging to the blood cultures. In this paper, we present a new methodological approach that we have developed to overcome these limitations, based mainly on an enrichment of the sample into a growing medium before the extraction process, prior to mass spectrometric analysis. The proposed method shows important advantages for the identification of bacterial strains, yielding an increased identification score, which gives higher confidence in the results. 相似文献
188.
Nativi C Francesconi O Gabrielli G De Simone I Turchetti B Mello T Di Cesare Mannelli L Ghelardini C Buzzini P Roelens S 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(16):5064-5072
The biological activity of a set of structurally related aminopyrrolic synthetic receptors for monosaccharides has been tested versus yeast and yeast-like microorganisms and compared to their binding affinity toward mannosides. Antibiotic activity comparable to that of well-known polyene (amphotericin B) or azole (ketoconazole) drugs has been found for some members of the family, along with a general correlation with binding abilities. A systematic structure-activity-affinity investigation shed light on the structural and functional requirements necessary for antibiotic activity and identified the tripodal compound 1 as the most potent compound of the set. Together with toxicity tests and inhibitor localization experiments performed through fluorescence microscopy, these studies led to the characterization of a new class of carbohydrate binding agents possessing antibiotic activity, in which pyrrolic groups precisely structured on a tripodal architecture appear to be responsible for permeability through the cell wall of pathogens, as well as for antibiotic activity inside the cytoplasm. 相似文献
189.
This contribution reports the preparation and use of a new immobilized catalyst, PS-DABCOF (9), which has been specifically designed to access for the first time the efficient β-azidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. 相似文献
190.
Takashi Arima Shigeru Taniguchi Tommaso Ruggeri Masaru Sugiyama 《Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics》2013,25(6):727-737
We study the dispersion relation for sound in rarefied polyatomic gases (hydrogen, deuterium and hydrogen deuteride gases) basing on the recently developed theory of extended thermodynamics (ET) of dense gases. We compare the relation with those obtained in experiments and by the classical Navier–Stokes Fourier (NSF) theory. The applicable frequency range of the ET theory is proved to be much wider than that of the NSF theory. We evaluate the values of the bulk viscosity and the relaxation times involved in nonequilibrium processes. The relaxation time related to the dynamic pressure has a possibility to become much larger than the other relaxation times related to the shear stress and the heat flux. 相似文献