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931.
Abstract

To make clear the mechanism of the photoplastic effect (PPE) in alkali halides containing F-centers, on the basis of the photochemical reaction of the F-center, temperature dependence of the PPE in KC1, and KBr and NaCl was studied from 95 K up to RT. The characteristic critical points θ ts in colored KC1 and KBr were determined to be 110 and 190 K, respectively. Below θ t the sign of the PPE in both crystals was negative, i.e., decrement of the flow stress during light illumination was observed. Moreover, the θ ts were in good agreement with the temperature where the photoconductivities show remarkable increase in the course of the measurements. The negative PPE is explained in terms of the rotation of the principal strain axis of the relaxed state of the F-center having ?100? tetragonarity as to relax the stress around the edge dislocation coming closely.  相似文献   
932.
Erratum notice     
Points defects and defect interactions in metals, edited by Jin-ichi Takamura, Masao Doyama and Michio Kiritani. University of Tokyo Press and North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982. ($US. 106.50)

Transmission electron microscopy, physics of image formation and microanalysis, by Ludwig Reimer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag); pp. 521; price, $A50.25.

Charged beam interaction with solids, by Yoshi-Hiko Ohtsuki (London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.); pp. 248; price, £22.50.

Electron bombardment induced conductivity, and its applications, by W. Ehrenberg and D. J. Gibbons (London: Academic Press); pp. 348; price, $A107.10.

Nuclear data for science and technology, Proceedings of the International Conference, September 6-10, 1982, Antwerp, Belgium. K. H. Böckhoff (Editor). D. Reidal Publishing Company. Price U.S.$120.00.  相似文献   
933.
The influence of the mosaic block structure of bulk-crystallized high-density polyethylene upon deformation within the elastic limit and upon fatigue phenomenon has been extensively studied in the temperature range of the α relaxation mechanism. The magnitude of elastic limit, estimated from two models involving a tilt sliding mechanism and a simple tension mechanism, was compared with experimental results obtained using a tensile tester and a dynamic viscoelastometer at various temperatures of measurement. The two models for onset of deformation are applied on the assumption that the intermosaic block region is selectively affected by strain without any structural change occurring in the mosaic block crystalline core. Also, dynamic mechanical properties were obtained on specimens subject to an increasing number of fatigue cycles. The variation of E'1, max, attributed to deformation processes of the intermosaic block region, is strongly affected by slight elongation and by fatigue cycling of the sample. A direct observation of the mosaic block structure is made with the electron microscope using a detachment replica of the surface of the bulk crystallized material, that has been elongated by 15% at 55°C in biaxial directions.  相似文献   
934.
Steps are known to be often the active sites for the dissociation of O(2) molecules and the nucleation sites of oxide films since they provide paths for subsurface migration and oxygen incorporation. In order to unravel the effect of their morphology on the oxidation of Cu surfaces, we present here a detailed investigation of the O(2) interaction with Cu(511) and compare it with previous results for Cu(410), a surface exhibiting terraces of similar size and geometry but different step morphology. As for Cu(410) we find, by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy performed with synchrotron radiation, that Cu(2)O formation gradually starts above half a monolayer oxygen coverage and that the ignition of oxidation can be lowered to room temperature by dosing O(2) via a supersonic molecular beam at hyperthermal energy. The oxidation rate for Cu(511) comes out to be lower than for Cu(410) at normal incidence, about the same when the O(2) molecules impinge towards the ascending step rise, but higher when they hit the surface along trajectories even slightly inclined towards the descending step rise. These findings can be rationalized by a collision induced absorption mechanism.  相似文献   
935.
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP; FABP4), which is predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue, regulates fatty acid storage and lipolysis, and is also an important mediator of inflammation. Here, we report a synthesis of (14)C-labeled 2-[2'-(5-ethyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)biphenyl-3-yloxy]acetic acid (BMS309403), a potent and selective small-molecular FABP4 inhibitor, as a chemical tool for investigating the roles of FABP4 in inflammatory and metabolic disorders. The structure-activity relationship of several BMS derivatives for inhibition of FABP4 is also reported.  相似文献   
936.
937.
Metallic liquid silicon at 1787 K is investigated using x-ray Compton scattering. An excellent agreement is found between the measurements and the corresponding Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show persistence of covalent bonding in liquid silicon and provide support for the occurrence of theoretically predicted liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled liquid states. The population of covalent bond pairs in liquid silicon is estimated to be 17% via a maximally localized Wannier function analysis. Compton scattering is shown to be a sensitive probe of bonding effects in the liquid state.  相似文献   
938.
The mass shift of the vector mesons in nuclei is known to be a powerful tool for investigating the mechanism of generating hadron mass from the QCD vacuum. The mechanism is known to be the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. In 2007, KEK-PS E325 experiment reported about 3.4?% mass reduction of the ? meson in medium-heavy nuclei (Cu). This result is possibly one of the indications of the partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclei, however, unfortunately it is hard to make strong conclusions from the data. One of the ways to conclude the strength of the ? meson mass shift in nuclei will be by trying to produce only slowly moving ? mesons where the maximum nuclear matter effect can be probed. The observed mass reduction of the ? meson in the nucleus can be translated as the existence of an attractive force between ? meson and nucleus. Thus, one of the extreme conditions that can be achieved in the laboratory is indeed the formation of a ?-nucleus bound state, where the ? meson is ??trapped?? in the nucleus. The purpose of the experiment is to search for a ?-nucleus bound state and measure the binding energy of the system. We will demonstrate that a completely background-free missing-mass spectrum can be obtained efficiently by $(\bar{p}, \phi)$ spectroscopy together with K ?+??? tagging, using the primary reaction channel $\bar{p} p \rightarrow \phi \phi$ . This paper gives an overview of the physics motivation and the detector concept, and explains the direction of the initial research and development effort.  相似文献   
939.
The kinetics of photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye by titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder were investigated using elementary reactions. TiO2 powders were prepared by a selective leaching method consisted of processes of CaHPO4 precipitation, heat treatment, and acid leaching to obtain high crystalline anatase. The obtained TiO2 samples had wide ranges of specific surface areas (5–23 m2/g) and densities of Ti3+ defects (90–480×1012spin/g) without a significant change in the anatase phase ratio ranging 0.86–0.91 in mass ratio. The MB photodegradation rate was expressed as functions of specific surface area and density of Ti3+ defects under the experimental condition that the photodegradation rate was proportional to UV irradiation intensity and the adsorbed MB amount was proportional to specific surface area. A proposed equation for calculation of photodegradation ate demonstrated greater effect of specific surface area than density of Ti3+ defects for MB photodegradation.  相似文献   
940.
Photoluminescence (PL) and conventional and modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and MDSC) experiments have been carried out on a typical fluorochlorozirconate glass and glass-ceramics doped with Sm3+ and Sm2+ introduced by the addition of SmF3 and a reducing agent, NaBH4, into the initial mixture of constituents. The nominal FCZ composition was 53% ZrF4, 20% NaF, 3% AlF3, 3% LaF3, 1% SmF3, 1% BaF2, 19% BaCl2 (molar percentages). Prior to DSC and PL measurements, some of the glasses have been heat treated (annealed at an elevated temperature) under different conditions, which has resulted in glass-ceramics containing BaCl2 nanocrystals with a hexagonal and/or orthorhombic crystal structure, depending on the heat treatment conditions. Hexagonal nanocrystals may be obtained by a simple one step annealing process while the formation of orthorhombic crystallites requires sequential multistep annealing treatments. Long duration, low temperature annealing, required for the formation of orthorhombic BaCl2 nanocrystals, leads to the appearance of an endothermic enthalpy peak at around 250 °C on the conventional DSC thermogram. Temperature modulated DSC experiments identify a clear glass transformation in this regions; and the endothermic peak has been attributed to the structural relaxation enthalpy in the host glass which is usually obscured by the thermal effects associated with the formation of BaCl2 nanocrystals. The observed thermodynamic effects correlate with the suppression of the broad PL band around 900 nm, which is most likely due to Sm2+ ions near or in the “shell-region” of the glass surrounding the nanocrystals.  相似文献   
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