Nodal Solutions of a p-Laplacian Equation

We prove that the p-Laplacian problem –_p u = f(x, u),with u on a bounded domain R^N, with p > 1 arbitrary, has a nodal solution providedthat f : x R R is subcritical, and f(x, t) / |t|^p –² is superlinear. Infinitely many nodal solutions are obtainedif, in addition, f(x, –t) = –f(x, t). 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 35J20, 35J65, 58E05.     

New sorption and solvation measuring methods: Forced flow through liquids and solid state fluidised bed sorbents in high pressure gravimetry

A novel measuring method is presented here that allows sorption and solvation measurements near to different process conditions. Especially for the sorption kinetics it is important that the measuring conditions are similar to later applications. Particularly for high pressure sorption measurements this claim could not be fulfilled for most technical applications.The advantage of the measuring methods presented here is that solid bed samples in high pressure gravimetry can be measured under flow-through conditions in both directions and, for the first time in high pressure gravimetry, liquid samples can be measured under flow-through conditions. Especially for ionic liquids, of which a large variety of new substances with unknown sorption potentials have been synthesised in the last few years, this results in much shorter measuring times.The first measurements presented here show that the new system allows for measuring times around 26 times shorter for an ionic liquid.     

High water‐content thermoresponsive hydrogels via electrostatic macrocrosslinking of cellulose nanofibrils

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been utilized to synthesize tri‐ and star‐block copolymers of poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) and quaternized poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (qPDMAEMA). The block copolymers, all with a minimum of two cationically charged blocks, were sequentially used for electrostatic macrocrosslinking of a dilute dispersion of anionic TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF, 0.3 wt%), forming free‐standing hydrogels. The cationic block copolymers adsorbed irreversibly to the CNF, enabling the formation of ionically crosslinked hydrogels, with a storage modulus of up to 2.9 kPa. The ability of the block copolymers to adsorb to CNF was confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D) and infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and the thermoresponsive properties of the hydrogels were investigated by rheological stress and frequency sweep, and gravimetric measurements. This method was shown to be promising for the facile production of thermoresponsive hydrogels based on CNF. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 3415–3424     

Self-organization of chalcogen-containing cyclic alkynes and alkenes to yield columnar structures

Close contacts between chalcogen atoms in cyclic dienes and diynes are used to create columnar structures in the solid state. Rigid and fairly planar cycles with chalcogen centers are the preconditions for forming those columnar structures.