Features determining compensation of counter energy flows in acoustic fields of the ocean

The phenomenon of compensation of counteracoustic energy flows in the ocean was studied using the example of superposition of acoustic fields of a moving vessel and of the surface noise of a tropical shower using combined receivers at depths of 150 and 500 m. We demonstrate that comparison of the z-component of the spectrum of function of simple one-point coherence or the z-component of the cross-spectrum with the spectrum of phase difference between the acoustic pressure and the z-component of the vibrational speed is sufficient for unambiguous determination of the process of compensation. The criteria are the “dips” of the coherence function in a frequency range, common to these fields, which correspond to the jumps of the phase difference by ± (π/2).     

New Universal Cosmic-Ray Knee near a Magnetic Rigidity of 10 TV with the NUCLEON Space Observatory

Data from the NUCLEON space observatory give a strong indication of the existence of a new universal cosmic ray “knee”, which is observed in all groups of nuclei, including heavy nuclei, near a magnetic rigidity of about 10 TV. Universality means the same position of the knee in the magnetic rigidity scale for all groups of nuclei. The knee is observed by both methods of measurement of particles energy implemented in the NUCLEON observatory—the calorimetric method and the kinematic method Kinematic Lightweight Energy Meter. This new cosmic ray knee is probably connected with the limit of acceleration of cosmic rays by some generic or nearby source of cosmic rays.     

The Role of Bile Acids in the Human Body and in the Development of Diseases

Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that ensures the outflow of bile. Bile acids include many varieties of amphipathic acid steroids. These are molecules that play a major role in the digestion of fats and the intestinal absorption of hydrophobic compounds and are also involved in the regulation of many functions of the liver, cholangiocytes, and extrahepatic tissues, acting essentially as hormones. The biological effects are realized through variable membrane or nuclear receptors. Hepatic synthesis, intestinal modifications, intestinal peristalsis and permeability, and receptor activity can affect the quantitative and qualitative bile acids composition significantly leading to extrahepatic pathologies. The complexity of bile acids receptors and the effects of cross-activations makes interpretation of the results of the studies rather difficult. In spite, this is a very perspective direction for pharmacology.     

Peculiarities of the B8-Solid Solution Formation in Ni(Sb,Sn) and Co(Sb,Sn) Systems Studied by Mossbauer Effect Method

Quadrupole splitting and effective characteristic temperatures of ¹¹⁹Sn in Ni(Sb,Sn) and Co(Sb,Sn) solid solutions with B8-type structure have been studied by Mossbauer Effect method. The electric field gradient at metalloid atoms was estimated in point charge model for different variants of local environment. On the basis of the comparison between experimental Quadruple Splitting values and estimated Electric Field Gradient ones it was concluded that MeII-Sn pairs occur more often than MeII-Sb when the amount of transition metal in ditrigonal-dibipyramidal positions is less than 0.10.