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991.
Taxol Inclusion Complexes with a Cyclodextrin Dimer: Possibilities to Detoxify Chemotherapeutics and to Target Drugs Specifically to Tumors? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Joerg G. Moser Irene Rose Birgit Wagner Tim Wieneke Anja Vervoorts 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2001,39(1-2):13-18
The natural drug, paclitaxel (taxol), is highly effectiveas a tumor chemotherapeuticwith a low probability of inducing chemoresistance,but shows severe toxic side effectsat the therapeutic dose. How can this toxicitybe overcome? Here we report the synthesisof cyclodextrin dimers connected at thesecondary face by amide-bonded aliphatic spacers. The spacer length of one of the dimers referred to asdiβCD(2N-A4C5A4) or dimer 7cmatches the distance between the twobenzoic acid residues of paclitaxel. We investigated the physical inclusion of taxol into this dimer using the TNS-label competition method. Affinity constants with the dimer in comparison to free β-cyclodextrin are found to be of the order of 107 l/mole.When included into the cyclodextrin dimer, the drug shows a considerable time delay of incorporation into human tumor cell cultures (OAT SCLC cells) or a total exclusion from the cells. This is the prerequisite to avoid intoxication of other organs of a patient. Possibilities are discussed to detoxify chemotherapeutics and to target their inclusioncomplexes specifically to tumors using specific biological signals. 相似文献
992.
Matthew R. Brown Christine M. O'Keefe Tim Penttila 《Designs, Codes and Cryptography》1999,18(1-3):63-70
We show that if an ovoid of Q (4,q),q even, admits a flock of conics then that flock must be linear. It follows that an ovoid of PG (3,q),q even, which admits a flock of conics must be an elliptic quadric. This latter result is used to give a characterisation of the classical example Q -(5,q) among the generalized quadrangles T 3(
), where
is an ovoid of PG (3q) and q is even, in terms of the geometric configuration of the centres of certain triads. 相似文献
993.
Tim?D.?CochranEmail author Kent?E.?Orr Peter?Teichner 《Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici》2004,79(1):105-123
We provide new information about the structure of the
abelian group of topological concordance classes of knots in $S^3$. One
consequence is that there is a subgroup of infinite rank consisting
entirely of knots with vanishing Casson-Gordon invariants but whose
non-triviality is detected by von Neumann signatures. 相似文献
994.
It is a theorem of Shor that ifG is a word-hyperbolic group, then up to isomrphism, only finitely many groups appear as fixed subgroups of automorphisms ofG. We give an example of a groupG acting freely and cocompactly on a CAT(0) square complex such that infinitely many non-isomorphic groups appear as fixed
subgroups of automorphisms ofG. Consequently, Shor’s finiteness result does not hold if the negative curvature condition is relaxed to either biautomaticity
or nonpositive curvature.
D. T. Wise was supported by grants from FCAR and NSERC. 相似文献
995.
Let Γ denote a noncommutative free group and let Ω stand for its boundary. We construct a large class of unitary representations
of Γ. This class contains many previously studied representations, and is closed under several natural operations. Each of
the constructed representations is in fact a representation of Γ ⋉λ
C(Ω). We prove here that each of them is irreducible as a representation of Γ ⋉λ
C(Ω). Actually, as will be shown in further work, each of them is irreducible as a representation of Γ, or is the direct sum
of exactly two irreducible, inequivalent Γ-representations.
This research was supported by the Italian CNR. 相似文献
996.
Steve?M.?GerstenEmail author Derek?F.?Holt Tim?R.?Riley 《Geometric And Functional Analysis》2003,13(4):795-814
We prove that every finitely generated nilpotent group of class c admits
a polynomial isoperimetric function of degree c + 1 and a linear
upper bound on its filling length function. 相似文献
997.
We give a construction, for any n 2, of a space S
of spline functions of degree n – 1 with simple knots in (1/4)Z
which is generated by a triple of refinable, orthogonal functions with
compact support. Indeed, the result holds more generally by replacing the
B-spline of degree n – 1 with simple knots at the integers by any
continuous refinable function whose mask is a Hurwitz polynomial of
degree n. A simple construction is also given for the corresponding
wavelets. 相似文献
998.
999.
Organizations and Complexity: Searching for the Edge of Chaos 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Traditional organizational theory advocates increased differentiation and horizontal integration for organizations in unstable environments or with uncertain technologies. This paper seeks to develop a better understanding of the relationship of group structure and the level of interdependency between individuals on group performance under various task complexities. Complexity theory in general, and NK models in particular, are introduced as theoretical frameworks that offer an explanation for group performance. Simulation models are developed, based on the communication network research of Bavelas (1948) and Leavitt (1952), to explore the effects of decentralization and interdependence. The simulation model developed here shows general consistency with previous human subject experiments. However, contrary to predictions, not all decentralized group structures perform well when undertaking complex task assignments. Structures that are highly connected (actors communicating with all others) perform much worse than those with a lower level of connection. Further experiments varying both the number of actors and the degree of interdependence between them find evidence of the edge of chaos. This research advances our understanding of organizations beyond earlier models by suggesting that there is an optimal range of interconnectedness between actors or tasks that explains the variation in performance. An intriguing result is that this optimal level of interdependence is fairly low, regardless of the size of the group. 相似文献
1000.
Pascal Ifeacho Tim Huelser Hartmut Wiggers Christof Schulz Paul Roth 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2007,31(2):1805-1812
The transition from tin monoxide to tin dioxide is investigated by doping a low pressure premixed H2/O2/Ar flame with dilute concentrations of tetramethyl tin (TMT) Sn(CH3)4. The H2/O2 ratio was varied between 1.97 and 0.97; the reactor pressure was set to 30 mbar. The inlet gas velocity was kept constant and the precursor concentration was varied between 200 and 700 ppm. Mean particle diameters between 3 nm dp 7 nm were measured using a particle mass spectrometer (PMS), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis revealed information on crystal structure as well as morphology of the synthesized oxides. A gray SnO film was observed in the reactor at low oxygen concentrations, while for higher oxygen concentrations light yellow sub-stoichiometric tin oxides and white SnO2 were obtained. Further analysis of the sub-stoichiometric oxides, using atomic electron spectroscopy AES revealed that SnO2−x (0.2 x 0.6) was obtained. Furthermore, electrical characterization of all materials, deposited on interdigital capacitors, showed a decrease in the conductivity of the nanoparticles with increasing oxidation (decreasing x). 相似文献