Equilibrium selection in a bargaining problem with transaction costs

It is the purpose of the paper to analyse a bargeining situation with the help of the equilibrium selection theory of John C. Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten. This theory selects one equilibrium point in every finite non-cooperative game. The bargaining problem is the following one: the two bargainers — player 1 and player 2 — simultaneously and independently propose a payoffx of player 1 in the interval 〈0, 1〉. If agreement is reached player 2's payoffs is 1?x. Otherwise both receive zero. Each playeri has a further alternativeW _i , namely not to bargain at all (i=1, 2). Thereby he avoids transaction costsc andd of bargaining which arise whether an agreement is reached or not. One may think of an illegal deal where bargaining involves a risk of being punished — independently whether the deal is made or not. The model has the form of a (K+1)×(K+1)-bimatrix game. It is assumed that there is an indivisable smallest money unit. The game hasK+1 pure strategy equilibrium points.K of them correspond to an agreement and the last one is the strategy pair where both players refuse to bargain. Each of theK+1 equilibrium points can be the solution of the game. The aim of the Harsanyi-Selten-theory is to select in a unique way one of these equilibrium points by an iterative process of elimination (by payoff dominance and risk dominance relationships) and substitution. For each parameter combination (c, d) a sequence of candidate sets arises which becomes smaller and smaller until finally a candidate set with exactly one equilibrium point — the solution of the game — is found. For the sake of shortness the paper will report results without detailed proofs, which can be found elsewhere [Leopold-Wildburger].     

A parabolic mask for continuous sampling inspection

Summary The control chart techniques usually applied for continuous inspection are surveyed. A new technique using a parabolic mask is investigated which, in terms of the average run length is superior to other techniques in the case of small trends. Monte Carlo estimates of the average run length are given.

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Zusammenfassung Ein neues Verfahren in der statistischen Qualitätskontrolle (die Verwendung einer parabolischen Maske) wird diskutiert, mit bekannten Kontrollkarten- und Maskentechniken verglichen sowie die mittlere Dauer bis zu einer Warnmeldung mittels Monte Carlo Methoden bestimmt.

     

Eine Verallgemeinerung der Färbungszahlen

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 3 Abbildungen     

光纤光栅弹簧管压力传感器的压力和温度特性

本文利用弹簧管对于压力的机械放大作用,将弹簧管与光纤光栅悬臂梁调谐技术相结合,研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅弹簧管压力传感器,大大提高了光纤布喇格光栅对压力测量的灵敏度,压力灵敏度系数可达-1.79×10^-4/MPa,比裸光栅提高了两个数量级,在0～12MPa的压力范围内,光纤布喇格光栅中心反射波长的改变与压力成良好的线性关系.同时由于悬臂梁热膨胀效应的影响,光纤光栅的温度灵敏度提高为裸光栅的7倍.     

关于n阶微分方程边值问题（Ⅲ）——奇摄动的渐近展开

本文研究n阶非线性过值问题(NB)的奇异摄动。在较一般的条件下,应用高阶微分不等式理论证明了摄动解的存在性,并给出了摄动解直到n阶导函数的一致有效渐近展开式,推广和改进了已有的结果。     

级联分层优化的薄膜电致发光

根据发光层中电子能量分布的不均匀性,在分层优化薄膜电致发光器件的发光层中插入SiO2层,即级联分层优化薄膜电致发光器件。结果表明:由于SiO2的加速作用,这种方法确实可以提高过热电子的能量。但发光强度及发光效率的提高还受发光层的结晶状态的影响。插入一层SiO2后,样品的绿光强度提高了60%,发光效率也有所增加。插入两层SiO2后,由于发光层结晶状态变差,绿光强度及发光效率都降低了。     

On the measurement of infrared emission spectra using grating spectrometers

Summary The practical limits for IR emission measurements with conventional grating spectrometers have been checked using thin solid films on metal substrates as samples. Favourable conditions provided (large sample area, appropriate sample thickness), good quality emission spectra, which are in excellent agreement with corresponding absorption spectra, can be obtained without too much experimental requirements (temperatures below 100° C, no special optics) and within a reasonable time (less than 1 h). Because of the restricted instrument sensitivity, however, lower limits for the experimental parameters (temperature, sample area, thickness) rapidly are reached, below which the recorded emission spectra become useless. These limits are about 40° C for the sample temperature, 0.5 cm² for the sample area and 1m for the thickness of a polystyrene sample. For the sample thickness there exists an upper limit too, since with increasing thickness the emissivity converges to (1-reflectivity) within the whole frequency range, similar to absorption spectra, which converge to zero transmission. The upper limits for the permissible thicknesses are very similar for emission and absorption, being about 100m for polystyrene.Dedicated to Prof. K. Schlögl for his 60th birthday.     

一种新颖结构的高温超导信道滤波器设计

文章提出了一种新颖结构的高温超导信道滤波器设计方法,采用Sonnet软件进行微带电路的全波电磁场仿真.设计了一个一分二的高温超导信道滤波器,信道滤波器工作在S波段,每个信道的相对带宽约为0.4‰,采用的材料为多源热共蒸发法制备的DyBCO双面超导薄膜,衬底为0.5mm厚度的氧化镁.本文给出了本信道滤波器的等效电路、理论曲线、耦合参数和模拟仿真结果.