Ultrasonic Preparation of Hierarchical Graphene‐Oxide/TiO2 Composite Microspheres for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Hierarchical graphene oxide (GO)‐TiO₂ composite microspheres with different GO/TiO₂ mass ratios were successfully prepared by mixing GO and TiO₂ microspheres under ultrasonic conditions. Ultrasonication helped the GO and TiO₂ microsphere to uniformly mix on the microscale. The results showed that the GO‐TiO₂ composites that were prepared by ultrasonic mixing exhibited significantly higher hydrogen‐evolution rates than those that were synthesized by simple mechanical grinding, owing to synergetic effects, including enhanced light absorption and scattering, as well as improved interfacial charge transfer because of the excellent contact between the GO sheets and TiO₂ microspheres. In addition, GO‐TiO₂‐3 (3 wt. % GO) showed the highest hydrogen‐generation rate (305.6 μmol h^?), which was about 13 and 3.3‐times higher than those of TiO₂ microsphere and GO‐P25 (with 3 wt. % GO), respectively. Finally, a tentative mechanism for hydrogen production is proposed and supported by photoluminescence and transient photocurrent measurements. This work highlights the potential applications of GO‐TiO₂ composite microspheres in the field of clean‐energy production.     

Malathion detection method using microhotplate-based preconcentrator and ion mobility spectrometer

A simple and rapid method using a microhotplate-based preconcentrator and an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is proposed for the detection of malathion in water. The preconcentrator is prepared by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process. Coated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), it has the advantages of solvent-less, low energy cost, self-heating and ease to combine with IMS. The operating conditions of the preconcentrator-IMS system, such as extraction time, extraction temperature, agitation speed and desorption temperature, were optimised. Using the preconcentrator, the sampling procedure can be simplified and the detection limit of the system can be decreased. A linear relationship between the IMS response and the concentration of the analyte solution was verified. The malathion detection limit based on 3 times the baseline noise is 0.43?µg?L^?1 and the total analysis time is less than 30?minutes.     

螯合吸附材料ASA-PGMA/SiO2对稀土离子的吸附性能研究

采用静态吸附法研究了ASA-PGMA/SiO2对稀土离子的螯合吸附性能、吸附动力学和热力学。实验结果表明,其对稀土离子的吸附能力分别为:La3+:38.6 mg.g-1,Pr3+:39.6 mg.g-1,Nd3+:41.8 mg.g-1,Sm3+:42.8 mg.g-1,Tb3+:46.2 mg.g-1。吸附等温模型符合Lang-muir型单分子层吸附。介质pH值对材料的吸附能力有很大影响,pH值为6时吸附量最大。以盐酸为洗脱剂,当酸度为0.1 mol.L-1时,洗脱率为99.8%。连续吸附-脱附实验表明,ASA-PGMA/SiO2重复使用10次后,吸附能力变化很小。     

石墨烯及其复合材料在锂离子电池中的应用

石墨烯是一种单原子层厚度的石墨材料,具有独特的二维结构和优异的电学、力学以及热学性能。同时它也是一种具有良好应用前景的锂离子电池电极材料。电极材料的微观结构对其性能有很大影响,利用石墨烯获得具有特殊形貌和微观结构的电极材料,能有效改善材料的各项电化学性能。本文综述了石墨烯及其复合材料在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展。在负极复合材料中,石墨烯不仅可以缓冲材料在充放电过程中的体积效应,还可以形成导电网络提升复合材料的导电性能,提高材料的倍率性能和循环寿命。通过优化复合材料的微观结构,例如夹层结构或石墨烯片层包覆结构,可进一步提高材料的电化学性能。在正极复合材料中,石墨烯形成的连续三维导电网络可有效提高复合材料的电子及离子传输能力。此外,相比于传统导电添加剂,石墨烯导电剂的优势在于能用较少的添加量,达到更加优异的电化学性能。最后对石墨烯复合材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

含3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮结构查尔酮衍生物的合成及蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B抑制活性研究

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)作为胰岛素和瘦素信号转导通路的负调节因子,已成为治疗糖尿病和肥胖症的潜在靶标.为了寻找非磷酸酯类PTP1B抑制剂,设计、合成了一系列含3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮结构的新型查尔酮衍生物,并对化合物进行了PTP1B抑制活性测定.结果显示,所有化合物对PTP1B均显示出较强的抑制活性,其中化合物(E)-6-{4-[3-(4-氯苯基)-3-氧代-1-丙烯基]苄氧基}-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮(4e)和(E)-6-{4-[3-(3-溴苯基)-3-氧代-1-丙烯基]苄氧基}-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮(4i)活性最佳,IC50分别为(4.64±0.38)和(4.36±0.41)μmol/L.     

甜菜碱OSB-12@高岭土杂化材料对染料吸附机理研究

实验设计以硅酸铝为实体框架、十二烷基乙氧基磺基甜菜碱(OSB-12)为功能有机物, 通过共沉淀法合成同时吸附阴、阳离子染料的纳米材料. 借助FT-IR, SEM以及比表面孔隙分析等多种手段表征该吸附材料的结构、形貌. 材料通过静电纺丝制备成微米纤维, 解决了材料的便捷、完全回收问题, 且对阴、阳离子染料均有良好吸附效果, 吸附速率快. 结果表明, 弱酸性桃红B和碱性艳蓝BO吸附量分别达到471和847 mg/g, 论文详细讨论了染料的吸附机理, 电荷作用在离子型染料吸附过程中起主导作用, 即包埋在材料中的两性表面活性剂OSB-12发挥着离子交换的功能. 从染料去除率和材料分离性能等可以预见, 该材料在实际染料废水处理中体现了良好的应用潜力.     

Unsymmetrical N and/or O-bridged calixarene derivatives: synthesis,structure and encapsulation of solvent molecules in the solid state

Eight unsymmetrical N and/or O-bridged calixarene derivatives were obtained by 1 (naphthalene-2,7-diol), 2 (bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone), 3 (4,4′-methylenedianiline), 4 (3,3′-methylenedianiline), 5 (4,4′-oxydianiline) and 6 (4,4′-(perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl)dianiline) reacting with fragment a (4,4′-bis(dichloro-s-triazinyloxy)propane-2,2-diyldibenzene) and b (N,N′-bis(dichloro-s-triazinyl)-4,4′-methylenedianiline) under very mild reaction conditions via efficient fragment coupling strategy. We also obtained the crystal structure of 1a (tetraoxocalix[2](propane-2,2-diyldibenzene,naphthalene)[2]triazine) which can form a molecular capsule by two dimers with C–H?N and C–H?O quadruple hydrogen bonds, and it has the encapsulation ability toward solvent molecules.     

Layer-by-layer assembly of microcapsules and their biomedical applications

Nanoengineered multifunctional capsules with tailored structures and properties are of particular interest due to their multifunctions and potential applications as new colloidal structures in diverse fields. Among the available fabrication methods, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of multilayer films onto colloidal particles followed by selective template removal has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of precise control over the size, shape, composition, wall thickness and functions of the obtained capsules. The past decade has witnessed a rapid increase of research concerning the new fabrication strategies, functionalization and applications of this kind of capsules, particularly in the biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensors and bioreactors. In this critical review, the very recent progress of the multilayer capsules is summarized. First, the advances in assembly of capsules by the LbL technique are introduced with focus on tailoring the properties of hydrogen-bonded multilayer capsules by cross-linking, and fabrication of capsules based on covalent bonding and bio-specific interactions. Then the fabrication strategies which can speed up capsule fabrication are reviewed. In the following sections, the multi-compartmental capsules and the capsules that can transform their shape under stimulus are presented. Finally, the biomedical applications of multilayer capsules with particular emphasis on drug carriers, biosensors and bioreactors are described (306 references).     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

静电纺丝技术与硫化技术相结合制备La2Fe2S5亚微米棒

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[La(NO3)3+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,在700℃下焙烧得到LaFeO3纳米纤维,再以CS2作为硫源进行硫化,成功制备了La2Fe2S5亚微米棒。利用XRD,SEM,EDS,宽频介电松弛谱仪等现代分析手段对样品进行了表征。XRD分析表明:将LaFeO3纳米纤维在CS2气氛中于900℃焙烧4 h得到纯相的La2Fe2S5亚微米棒,属于正交晶系,空间群为A21am。SEM分析表明:La2Fe2S5呈亚微米棒结构,直径和长度分别为851±122 nm和3.25±0.99μm。电分析表明:La2Fe2S5亚微米棒是较好的半导体材料。