A facile method for the synthesis of large‐size Ag nanoparticles as efficient SERS substrates

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) enjoy a reputation as an ultrasensitive substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, large‐scale synthesis of Ag NPs in a controlled manner is a challenging task for a long period of time. Here, we reported a simple seed‐mediated method to synthesize Ag NPs with controllable sizes from 50 to 300 nm, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. SERS spectra of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) from the as‐prepared Ag NPs substrates indicate that the enhancement capability of Ag NPs varies with different excitation wavelengths. The Ag NPs with average sizes of ~150, ~175, and ~225 nm show the highest SERS activities for 532, 633, and 785‐nm excitation, respectively. Significantly, 150‐nm Ag NPs exhibit an enhancement factor exceeding 10⁸ for pyridine (Py) molecules in electrochemical SERS (EC‐SERS) measurements. Furthermore, finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculation is employed to explain the size‐dependent SERS activity. Finally, the potential of the as‐prepared SERS substrates is demonstrated with the detection of malachite green. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BBOⅠ类相位匹配光参量放大中群速失配的补偿

描述了在BBOⅠ类相位匹配的飞秒光参量放大（OPA）中，利用非共线结构和倾斜抽运光的脉 冲波面来完全补偿三波群速失配的方法.理论计算了三波群速匹配时，非共线角、相位匹配 角、抽运光的脉冲波面倾斜角随信号光波长的变化，并分析了对抽运光光斑尺寸的要求和对 空间走离长度的影响.结果表明，利用该方法不仅能够实现最大的参量带宽，而且能够完全 补偿飞秒OPA中三波的群速失配.此外，选取合适的抽运光光斑尺寸和非线性晶体的长度对提 高参量增益也至关重要. 关键词： 群速匹配 非共线相位匹配 脉冲波面倾斜 飞秒光参量放大     

甲氧氯普胺和盐酸普鲁卡因顺序注射光谱研究和测定

在酸性介质中,铈(Ⅳ)与甲氧氯普胺和盐酸普鲁卡因反应生成不稳定的红色产物,研究了不同条件下的光谱吸收曲线,初步探讨了反应机理,并据此建立了顺序注射光度法测定甲氧氯普胺和盐酸普鲁卡因的新方法。测定甲氧氯普胺方法的线性范围9.71～116.6 μg·mL-1,检出限6.5 μg·mL-1,进样频率45 h-1。测定盐酸普鲁卡因的方法的线性范围10.0～130.0 μg·mL-1,检出限7.4 μg·mL-1,进样频率45 h-1。用于针剂和胃复安药片中甲氧氯普胺的含量以及针剂中盐酸普鲁卡因含量的测定,并与标准测定方法对照,经统计学处理无显著性差异,结果满意。     

溶液样品温度对ICP光源发射强度的影响

通过光电检测法研究了溶液样品温度在20,40和60 ℃条件下,对电感耦合等离子体(ICP)光源发射强度的影响。实验结果表明,随着溶液温度的提高,元素钡、铜和锌的谱线强度有明显的增强。观察了在不同溶液温度下,谱线强度随光源观察高度和载气压力的变化规律, 发现温度的提高使最佳观测高度位置降低,而最佳载气压力升高。     

Pressure dissociation of dense hydrogen

The self-consistent fluid variational model （SFVM） has been used to describe the pressure dissociation of dense hydrogen at high temperatures. This paper focuses on a mixture of hydrogen atoms and molecules and is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of pressure dissociation at finite temperatures. The equation of state and dissociation degree have been calculated from the free energy functions in the range of temperature 2000-10,000K and density 0.02-1.0g/cm^3, which can be compared with other approaches and experiments. The pressure dissociation is found to occur in higher density range, while temperature dissociation is a more gradual effect.     

大管径油气两相流流型变化机理的研究

本文对大直径水平和不同倾角的倾斜管道内油气混输流动的流型及流行转换进行了研究,探讨大直径油气混输管道不同倾斜度油气两相流动过程中段塞流的形成机理。在大型多相流流动模拟实验装置上,模拟油气在大直径管道内的混输流动。通过改变倾斜角度,研究倾角分别为1°、5°以及10°下的油气两相流流型及流型转换的特性,实验结果表明,倾斜角度对段塞流流型的产生及其变化影响显著。     

Two universal equations of state for solids satisfying the limiting condition at high pressure

In this paper it is shown that the relationship of bulk modulus with pressure, B=f(P), should be linear both at low and high-pressure limiting conditions. Because most of present equations of state (EOS) for solids cannot satisfy such linear relationship at high pressure, a new function f(P) is proposed to satisfy the linearity. By integrating the bulk modulus, an EOS with three parameters and satisfying the quantum-statistics limitation is derived. It is shown that the EOS can be reduced to two-parameter EOS approximately satisfying the limiting condition. By applying the two EOSs and other three typical EOSs to 50 materials, it is concluded that for materials at low and middle-pressure regimes, the limiting condition does not operate, the Baonza EOS gives the best results, but it cannot provide analytic expression for cohesive energy. The Vinet and our second EOSs are slightly inferior, both EOSs can provide analytic expression for cohesive energy, and for materials at high-pressure regimes our second EOS gives the best results. The Holzapfel and our first EOSs give the worst results, although they strictly satisfy the limiting condition. For practical applications, the limiting condition is not important because it only operates as V→0.     

基于Marangoni界面效应的数控化学抛光去除函数的研究

 利用基于Marangoni界面效应对化学抛光去除函数的理论及实验进行研究,提出采用湿法化学抛光（刻蚀）方法为大口径高精度光学元件的加工提供新的解决途径。介绍了Marangoni界面效应及其验证实验,运用WYKO轮廓仪对熔石英基片局域刻蚀前后的粗糙度进行检测,结果表明,粗糙度基本无变化,刻蚀前后粗糙度分别为0.72 nm和0.71 nm。基于Preston假设, 建立了数控化学抛光理论模型,运用WYKO干涉仪观察实验现象可知,化学抛光刻蚀曲线基本上成平底陡峭的去除函数曲线,小磨头抛光是倒置的仿高斯函数曲线。     

大鼠脑组织含磷代谢物随年龄变化的NMR研究

随着人口老龄化的不断加剧,衰老相关疾病已成为全球关注的问题.神经系统功能的退行性改变居于衰老相关疾病的首位,其机制尚不明了.该文旨在通过核磁共振磷谱(~(31)P NMR)检测不同月龄大鼠脑组织中小分子物质的改变,明确能量相关的含磷化合物随大鼠年龄增长的变化,从而揭示脑组织中年龄相关代谢物的变化规律.该研究萃取了不同年龄(幼年、中年及老年)Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠脑组织中的小分子物质,进行了~(31)P NMR检测分析.结果显示:老年大鼠脑组织中能量代谢相关物质——磷酸肌酸的含量显著升高,而磷脂酰胆碱及磷酸肌醇含量显著降低,并且出现了磷酸化葡萄糖.这一发现有助于理解衰老相关的脑结构和功能下调,为神经退行性疾病的发生提供依据.     

杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag纳米磁粒上的吸附及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用共沉淀法合成了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒,进一步以柠檬酸三钠还原法制备出了具有SERS活性的Fe_3O_4/Ag磁性包覆修饰材料,用紫外可见吸收光谱、能谱及透射电镜对结构与形貌进行表征,发现所制备的Fe_3O_4/Ag纳米材料粒径约为30~60nm,形貌规整接近球形,经测试Fe_3O_4/Ag材料很容易被磁铁收集,能够满足分散萃取再收集的需要。根据密度泛函理论(DFT)对杀线威(Oxamyl)、Oxamyl-Ag和OxamylAg4进行了理论结构优化计算,得到了杀线威的理论拉曼光谱和与Ag表面增强拉曼光谱及其谱峰的归属,结合表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)测定,研究了杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag表面的吸附行为和增强效应,测算得到杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag表面上的增强因子为2.08×105。研究表明:理论计算的杀线威拉曼光谱与测定的拉曼光谱具有较好的一致性,DFT理论计算中发现研究分子与活性Ag原子作用越多,与实测值常规拉曼NRS越接近;杀线威以双键侧N原子和S原子与Fe_3O_4/Ag表面吸附作用为主;双键侧N优先与Ag吸附成键后,整个分子靠近Ag表面,最终使得双键侧N原子与S原子共同吸附在Ag表面;Fe_3O_4/Ag磁性纳米复合材料具有显著的富集吸附和拉曼增强作用;可利用其作为拉曼基底,以实现SERS光谱法对杀线威农残的快速分析检测。