<Emphasis FontCategory="NonProportional">WHIZARD</Emphasis>—simulating multi-particle processes at LHC and ILC

We describe the universal Monte-Carlo (parton-level) event generator WHIZARD (), version 2. The program automatically computes complete tree-level matrix elements, integrates them over phase space, evaluates distributions of observables, and generates unweighted partonic event samples. These are showered and hadronized by calling external codes, either automatically from within the program or via standard interfaces. There is no conceptual limit on the process complexity; using current hardware, the program has successfully been applied to hard scattering processes with up to eight particles in the final state. Matrix elements are computed as helicity amplitudes, so spin and color correlations are retained. For event generation, processes can be concatenated with full spin correlation, so factorized approximations to cascade decays are possible when complete matrix elements are not desired. The Standard Model, the MSSM, and many alternative models such as Little Higgs, anomalous couplings, or effects of extra dimensions or noncommutative SM extensions have been implemented. Using standard interfaces to parton shower and hadronization programs, WHIZARD covers physics at hadron, lepton, and photon colliders.     

A combined Kirchhoff–Master equation approach to electronic transport in one-dimensional molecular conductors

We discuss classical one-dimensional conductivity problems using Kirchhoff’s law comprising resistor network nodes that can only be occupied by a limited number of charge carriers, leading to the formulation of combined Kirchhoff–Master equations (KMEs) of electronic transport. For illustrative purposes, the equations are solved for simple two site systems; and we present a numerical solution by means of a Monte Carlo method for arbitrary systems. As an example, the procedure is applied to describe DNA charge transfer through a nanojunction at ambient conditions in the regime of small external voltages.     

Thermoanalytical and structural characterization of fluoridated calcium phosphates prepared in anhydrous alcohols

A thermoanalytical, morphological, and structural study of fluoridated calcium phosphates that were prepared by different variants of a synthesis in anhydrous alcohols is reported. The obtained materials were neither fully amorphous nor single-phased crystalline, and their nature considerably depended on the synthesis conditions. In all cases, the retention of significant amounts of solvent in the solid product was observed. A complete removal of the solvent was only possible by heating to temperatures above ~573–673 K which resulted in variations in the elemental composition, phase changes, and an increase of the crystallinity. Consequently, this synthesis in anhydrous alcohols is not a viable route to obtain materials with a defined crystallinity and stoichiometry.