An Exceptional Set in the Ergodic Theory of Markov Maps of the Interval

It is known that a Markov map T of the unit interval preservesa measure µ, say, equivalent to Lebesgue measure, andthat almost every point of the interval has a forward orbitunder T that is uniformly distributed with respect to µ.In the opposite direction the main result of this paper statesthat there is a set of points having Hausdorff dimension 1 whoseforward orbits are in a certain sense very far from being sodistributed. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 58F08,28A80.     

Metal transition complexes of tridentate Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydrazinopyridine: synthesis,spectroscopic characterization and X-ray structures

Transition Metal Chemistry - Mononuclear complexes of 1-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine (HL1) and 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (HL2),...     

The Effects of Polarization and Non-Linearity on the Performance of WDM System with Optical Cross-Connects

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

A Series of Collaborations between Various Pharmaceutical Companies and Regulatory Authorities Concerning the Analysis of Biomolecules Using Capillary Electrophoresis: Additional Instruments/Buffer

An international project team (including members from US, Canada and UK) was formed from a number of interested biopharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities to conduct a cross-organisation collaboration exercise. The results of the first comparison with eight different organisations that used instruments of the same equipment model, the same reagents, and the same methodology has been reported previously [1]. This report represents the addition of other instruments using a different run buffer. The relative migration times were different, as expected, prohibiting a direct comparison between companies. The within-organisation variability was low for both relative migration time (<0.34% RSD% for all companies save one) and the peak area (<5% RSD% for all companies save one) when measuring the purity of a representative IgG sample. The apparent molecular weight of bovine serum albumin was measured with good precision (less than 10% RSD% across all companies) to the theoretical value when all data is utilized (67.5 kDa compared to 66.4 kDa). For a representative IgG sample, the three main components, IgG Light Chain, IgG Non-glycosylated Heavy Chain, and IgG Heavy Chain, could not be separated, specifically the IgG Non-glycosylated Heavy Chain and IgG Heavy Chain. When the IgG Non-glycosylated Heavy Chain and IgG Heavy Chain were combined for all organisations, the fractional peak area for the IgG Light Chain and IgG Non-glycosylated Heavy Chain + IgG Heavy Chain peak also showed excellent agreement, with less than 7.5 and 3.5% RSD%, respectively. The value of this exercise is in demonstrating the reliability of CE for the determination of apparent size of biopharmaceutical proteins. This underpins the appropriate use of such CE data in support of regulatory submissions.

     

FTIR studies of iron-carbonyl intermediates in allylic alcohol photoisomerization

The 532 or 355 nm laser-induced photoisomerization of allylic alcohols to aldehydes catalyzed by [Fe(3)(CO)(12)] or [Fe(CO)(4)PPh(3)] in hexane was investigated. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of iron-carbonyl intermediate species such as [Fe(CO)(5)], [Fe(CO)(4)(R-C(3)H(4)OH)], and more importantly the pi-allyl iron-carbonyl hydride species [FeH(CO)(3)(R-C(3)H(3)OH)] (R=H, Me, Ph) were recorded during the catalytic process using [Fe(3)(CO)(12)] as the catalytic precursor. When [Fe(CO)(4)PPh(3)] was photolyzed with 355 nm, [FeH(CO)(3)(R-C(3)H(3)OH)] was also generated indicating the common occurrence of the species in these two systems. The pi-allyl hydride species is long believed to be a key intermediates and its detection here lends support to the pi-allyl mechanism of the photoisomerization of allyl alcohols.     

Self-healable Nafion-poly(vinyl alcohol)/phosphotungstic acid proton exchange membrane prepared by freezing–thawing method for direct methanol fuel cell

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Getting the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) closer to mass production requires the creation of a high-performance and long-lasting proton exchange...