Strain relief through heterophase interface reconstruction: Ag(111)/Ru(0001)

We report an experimental (scanning tunneling microscopy) and theoretical (embedded atom method) study of a heterophase interface reconstruction between Ag(111) and Ru(0001). Despite the large 7% mismatch, the second layer of Ag from the Ru exhibits a hexagonal structure with Ag bulk spacing, providing a close match to bulk Ag. The first layer of Ag (next to Ru) is reconstructed in a highly symmetrical and regular structure containing monolayer long threading dislocations. We argue that this structure may generally occur to relieve strain in a certain class of heterophase interfaces.     

Observation of the decay Omega(0)(c)-->Omega(-)e(+)nu(e)

Using the CLEO detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring we have observed the Omega(0)(c) (css ground state) in the decay Omega(0)(c)-->Omega(-)e(+)nu(e). We find a signal of 11.4+/-3.8(stat) events. The probability that we have observed a background fluctuation is 7.6x10(-5). We measure B(Omega(0)(c)-->Omega(-)e(+)nu(e)).sigma(e(+)e(-)-->Omega(0)(c)X)=(42.2+/-14.1(stat)+/-5.7(syst)) fb and R=[Gamma(Omega(0)(c)-->Omega(-)pi(+))]/[Gamma(Omega(0)(c)-->Omega(-)enu(e))]=00.41+/-0.19(stat)+/-0.04(syst). This is the first statistically significant observation of an individual decay mode of the Omega(0)(c) in e(+)e(-) annihilation and the first example of a baryon decaying via beta emission, where no quarks from the first generation participate in the reaction.     

Search for CP violation in tau--> K(pi)nu(tau) decays

We search and find no evidence for CP violation in tau decays into the K(pi)nu(tau) final state. We provide limits on the imaginary part of the coupling constant Lambda describing a relative contribution of the CP violating processes with respect to the standard model to be -0.172相似文献   

Management of Vocal Fold Scar with Autologous Fat Implantation: Perceptual Results

Vocal fold scar disrupts the mucosal wave and interferes with glottic closure. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes voice therapy, medical management, and sometimes surgery. We reviewed the records of the first eight patients who underwent autologous fat implantation for vocal fold scar. Information on the etiology of scar, physical findings, and prior interventions were collected. Videotapes of videostroboscopic findings and perceptual voice ratings [Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS)] were randomized and analyzed independently by four blinded observers. Etiology of scar included mass excision (7), vocal fold stripping (3), congenital sulcus (2), and hemorrhage (1). Prior surgical procedures performed included thyroplasty (1), autologous fat injection (9), excision of scar (2), and lysis of adhesions (2). Strobovideolaryngoscopy: Statistically significant improvement was found in glottic closure, mucosal wave, and stiffness (P = 0.05). Perceptual ratings (GRBAS): Statistically significant improvement was found in all five parameters, including overall Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain (P = 0.05). Patients appear to have improved vocal fold function and quality of voice after autologous fat implantation in the vocal fold. Autologous fat implantation is an important adjunctive procedure in the management of vocal fold scar, and a useful addition to the armamentarium of the experienced phonomicrosurgeon.     

Dysphonia due to kaposi''s sarcoma as the presenting symptom of human immunodeficiency virus

Dysphonia and airway obstruction are rarely caused by Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). We present the case of a 40 year old man receiving his diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after presenting with hoarseness caused by laryngeal KS. HIV may contribute to KS growth by stimulating excess production of angiogenic lymphokines and monokines and by decreasing immune surveillance. Histopathology reveals proliferating endothelial cells, fibroblasts, thin vascular slits, and extravasated erythrocytes. A wide variety of localized treatment options exist, while chemotherapeutic agents and alpha-interferon are used for multifocal or widespread disease.     

Botulinum Toxin Type B for Treatment of Spasmodic Dysphonia: A Case Report

Although treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has become the standard of care for most patients with laryngeal dystonia, its use is limited by the development of resistance to the toxin in some patients. Botulinum toxin type B (BTXB) has been found to be safe and effective in the treatment of cervical dystonia, but it has not been used previously to treat spasmodic dysphonia. Our experience with BTXB in a patient who developed resistance to BTXA suggests that BTXB may be safe and effective for the treatment of laryngeal dystonia, as well.     

G. Paul Moore lecture: Rational thought: The impact of voice science upon voice care

Recent evolution in scientific knowledge and technology has led to monumental improvement in the standard of care for patients with voice disorders. New concepts in anatomy, physiology, measurement, and analysis have provided voice care professionals with not merely better understanding, but moreover an extensive vocabulary with which to think about voice function and dysfunction. Previously, we had to depend too much upon anecdote and “the art of medicine.” Thanks to scientific advances, we now have the tools we need for rational thought about the human voice. This is the fundamental change responsible for recent great advances in voice care.     

A novel flow process for metal and ore solubilization by aqueous methyl iodide

Aqueous solutions of methyl iodide (CH₃I) react with metal ores and with metals, causing them to dissolve in water. This dissolution has been investigated in both static extraction and flow systems. Aqueous concentrations of metals are enhanced anywhere from 3- to 242-fold. The proposed mechanism involves electrophilic attack on the solid surface, thereby breaking the linkages binding the metal to the solid lattice and causing dissolution. Because biogenic sources constitute a major component of global CH₃I flux, prospects for related polyfunctional algal haloorganics as aqueous ore or metal solubilizers are noted.     

Normal strobovideolaryngoscopy: Variability in healthy singers

Strobovideolaryngoscopy has proven essential to accurate diagnosis of voice disorders. Clinical interpretation of stroboscopic images usually follows a standard assessment protocol. Features analyzed typically include symmetry of amplitude, symmetry of phase, regularity of periodicity, amplitudes and wave forms of individual vocal folds, presence or absence of a dynamic segments, and other features. Speed and smoothness of abduction and adduction are also assessed. In order for stroboscopic data to be used meaningfully in a clinical setting, it is essential for the laryngologist to recognize the range of normal variability of these parameters. This may be particularly important when trying to establish diagnoses for subtle voice disorders in professional voice users. This study investigates strobovideolaryngoscopic findings in a population of normal professional singers without voice complaints. “Abnormal” strobovideolaryngoscopic findings occur in this asymptomatic population of “volunteers”. These abnormalities might have been misinterpreted as causing voice complaints if seen for the first time when the singer sought medical care for a voice problem. Physicians must be aware of the range of laryngeal behavior that may be found among normal subjects and must be cautious when interpreting strobovideolaryngoscopic findings. This study also highlights the importance of obtaining “normal” baseline strobovideolaryngoscopic evaluations on professional voice users. The review of strobovideolaryngoscopy performed upon 65 healthy, asymptomatic professional singers revealed an incidence of 58% “abnormal” findings as six clinical entities.