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41.
Summary A microwave coherent backscattering experiment has been carried out on Mirabelle, a weakly ionised plasma device, with the
objective of measuring the electron density fluctuation level. The experiment is a preliminary step in order to prepare the
detection system for a microwave stimulated backscattering experiment. The incident electromagnetic wave is focused in front
of a plane grid which excites ion acoustic or electron Bernstein waves inducing fluctuations in the plasma. The backscattering
signal is collected by the launching circuit and detected by homodyne mixing. The typical ratio of the scattered power to
the incident power is about 10−12 and the relative density fluctuations are of the order of δn
e/n
e=10−3 against a background electron density ofn
e=1–5·109 cm−3. The backscattering measurement is compared with Langmuir probe measurements. The spectral width of the backscattered signal
has also been studied, by taking into account effects due to the incident wave focusing and plasma wave damping.
The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction 相似文献
42.
We present anO(p · n) algorithm for the problem of finding disjoint simple paths of minimum total length betweenp given pairs of terminals on oriented partial 2-trees withn nodes and positive or negative arc lengths. The algorithm is inO(n) if all terminals are distinct nodes. We characterize the convex hull of the feasible solution set for the casep=2.We gratefully acknowledge the referee's many helpful suggestions to improve the presentation of this paper. 相似文献
43.
H. M. Ortner H. H. Xu J. Dahmen K. Englert H. Opfermann W. Görtz 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1996,355(5-6):657-664
Surface characterization of new unused PTFE, PFA and PVDF labware has been carried out by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry and atomic force microscopy. It has been found that in spite of higher micro-roughness, PFA exhibits the lowest nano-roughness and hence seems best suited as vessel material for relatively mild pressureless chemical operations for sample preparation of ultrapure substances, as container material for storage of ultrapure liquids, and for transport of such liquids, e.g., from the producer in the chemical to the end user in the microelectronics industry. This suitability refers only to the surface quality of the investigated materials. PTFE-surfaces, due to the sintering process of production, exhibit the most unfavourable surface quality of the investigated fluorinated polymers. 相似文献
44.
Th. Mühge Yu. V. Goryunov K. Theis-Bröhl K. Westerholt H. Zabel I. A. Garifullin 《Applied magnetic resonance》1998,14(4):567-582
Magnetic and superconducting properties of Fe/Nb epitaxial bilayers have been studied. Single crystal Fe/Nb (110) bilayers with a Nb thicknessd Nb in the range from 250 to 650 Å and with a Fe thicknessd Fe in the range from 7 to 27 Å were prepared using molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Magnetization measurements showed the existence of a magnetically “dead” Fe-interface layer with a thicknessd NM varying strongly with minor modifications of the growth conditions. For bilayers with a small magnetic layer thicknessd M and a smalld NM the FMR measurements revealed an anomalous decrease of the effective magnetization 4πM eff of the ferromagnetic Fe layer below the superconducting transition temperatureT c. The absolute change of 4πM eff belowT c depends strongly on the actual values ofd M andd NM: upon decreasing bothd M andd NM the effect increases considerably. As a possible mechanism for the anomalous temperature dependence of 4πM eff belowT c we discuss a spatial modulation of ferromagnetic order due to a modification of the RKKY inter-action in the superconducting state. 相似文献
45.
Th. Brückel Y. Chernenkov B. Dorner V. P. Plakhty O. P. Smirnov 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1990,79(3):389-395
We have measured the spin wave spectrum for the garnet Ca3Cr2Ge3O12 by means of inelastic neutron scattering. The data can be well described in the framework of linear spin wave theory if we assume a Heisenberg model with two exchange parameters up to the next nearest neighbours (J
1 andJ
2) and a staggered anisotropy field (A). A least squares fit to the observed dispersion relations yield the following values for these parameters: J
1=–0.582(8)K,J
2=0.416(4)K,A=0.25(8)K. Although symmetry requires that two nearest neighbour exchange constantsJ
1 andJ
1
'
must be distinguished, only the average J
1=(J
1+3J
1
'
)/4 and the condition –0.35 K <J
1=J
1-J
1
'
<0.50 K could be deduced from the experiment. The most striking result is the positive value ofJ
2. We discuss the implications for an understanding of superexchange mediated by more than one oxygen atom. In an extension of the conventional analysis we have calculated the integrated intensities in order to check the eigenvectors directly. Good agreement between observed and calculated intensities was obtained. 相似文献
46.
47.
V. V. Aivazyan I. V. Ajinenko Yu. A. Belokopytov P. C. Bosetti H. B?ttcher F. Botterweck P. V. Chliapnikov F. Crijns A. De Roeck E. A. De Wolf Th. Driever K. Dziunikowska A. Eskreys W. Friebel Z. C. Garutchava V. G. Gavrjusev H. Graessler P. van Hal T. Haupt W. Kittel S. S. Megrabyan F. Meijers A. B. Micha?owska V. I. Nikolaenko L. C. S. Oliveira K. Olkiewicz L. P. Petrovikh E. Riipinen V. M. Ronjin A. M. Rybin H. M. T. Saarikko W. Schmitz L. Scholten R. Schulte O. G. Tchikilev L. A. Tikhonova A. G. Tomaradze V. A. Uvarov F. Verbeure R. Wischnewski A. Wróblewski S. A. Zotkin NA Collaboration 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1989,42(4):533-542
Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in σ+,K + p andpp collisions at 250 GeV/c ( \(\sqrt s \) =22 GeV) are given for all charges and for the different charge combinations. The correlations are found to be caused predominantly by centrally produced particles. It is demonstrated that this result is an agreement with observations at the ISR and the CERNp \(\bar p\) -Collider. The results are compared to expectations from LUND, DPM and FRITIOF Monte Carlo models and a geometrical picture relating correlations in hadron-hadron collisions toe + e ? data in terms of impact parameters is tested. 相似文献
48.
V. Candelier V. Giordano A. Hamel G. Théobald P. Cérez C. Audoin 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1989,49(4):365-370
Results obtained in an experimental optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard in which a single semiconductor laser is used for the state selection and the atom detection are reported. The separation between the two interaction regions is equal to 21 cm. This gives a 500 Hz linewidth which is observed with a signal to noise ratio equal to 10,000 in a 1 Hz noise bandwidth. A quartz crystal oscillator is frequency controlled by the atomic transition. The measured short term frequency stability is given by y()=2×10–12–1/2 for 1 s<500 s. Prospects for improvement of this frequency stability are discussed. 相似文献
49.
Time and spatially resolved absorption measurements of Xe* particle number densities performed at an X-ray preionized self-sustained XeCl*-laser discharge were used to investigate the reaction kinetics of such discharges and to test the validity of the commonly-made assumption that they are fit well by spatially homogeneous numerical models. It turned out that the Xe* density distribution over the discharge cross section remains homogeneous for less than 100 ns only. Comparing the experimental results of the homogeneous discharge phase with zero-dimensional model calculations, we conclude that induced emission modeled using two excited xenon levels must be taken into account for the quantitative interpretation of the absorption measurements. For the interpretation of the Xe 6s-6p absorption measurements even a multilevel model will be necessary. Further we conclude from the relative courses and the absolute values of the Xe* particle number densities that realistic HCl kinetics should contain three vibrationally excited levels and stepwise excitation processes as proposed by Dem'yanov et al. [8]. 相似文献
50.
We use tunable UV laser light in the region 200–320 nm, produced by frequency doubling the output of a dye laser, for the decomposition of organometallic compounds. This method has been applied to TMA, trimethylaluminum Al(CH3)3. Only the TMA monomer absorbs UV light for >220 nm. TMA decomposes by one-photon absorption mainly into two channels: aluminum atoms Al plus organic fragments, and aluminummonomethyl AlCH3 molecules plus organic fragments. The ratio [Al]/[AlCH3] is wavelength dependent. We present a mechanism to explain the photolysis of trimethyl compounds of group III elements (Al, Ga, In). 相似文献