全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1140篇 |
免费 | 46篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 858篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 16篇 |
数学 | 95篇 |
物理学 | 212篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 90篇 |
2011年 | 100篇 |
2010年 | 43篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 65篇 |
2005年 | 71篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 55篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1192条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Quantum tunneling effects play an important role in a variety of chemical reactions considerably affecting the reaction rates via opening the classically forbidden paths and emerging as highly efficient or selective processes. However, in the case of electrochemical reactions, quantum tunneling effects are less investigated due to complicated nature of chemical interactions at the electrified interfaces. In this review, we summarize the experimental/theoretical concept of electrochemical quantum proton tunneling (EQPT), which is a key element in microscopic electrode processes. First, we review the experimental observations of EQPT, and next, we discuss possible theoretical pictures of the process. This review shows that a combination of a wide spectrum of scientific efforts is required to understand microscopic mechanism of EQPT including development of the precise electrochemistry-oriented experimental techniques and methodologies, formulation of the appropriate theoretical models for specific systems, and performance of the advanced computational simulations. 相似文献
72.
A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed redox‐neutral coupling of α‐trifluoromethylacrylic acid with bezamides proceeds smoothly accompanied by amide‐directed C?H bond cleavage to produce β‐[2‐(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]‐α‐trifluoromethylpropanoic acid derivatives. One of the products can be transformed to a trifluoromethyl substituted heterocyclic compound. In addition, the redox‐neutral coupling of α‐trifluoromethylacrylic acid with related aromatic substrates possessing a nitrogen‐containing directing group can also be conducted under similar conditions. 相似文献
73.
Makoto Suzuki Tetsuya Tateishi Masahiko Matsuzawa Masakatsu Saito 《Macromolecular Symposia》1996,109(1):55-66
Amphoteric PVA hydrogels were made from mixed aqueous solutions of poly(acrylic acid), poly(allylamine) hydrochloride and poly(vinyl alcohol) by repetitive freezing and thawing. The hydrogen bond induced gelation produced an elastic and tough microporous hydrogel which generated tension as high as 0.3MPa corresponding to the solvent exchange from water to acetone. In this paper we show the microscopic structure of hydrogels determined by means of cryo-SEM technique and X-ray analysis. 相似文献
74.
Hiroki Nara Shingo Tsuda Tetsuya Osaka 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2017,21(7):1925-1937
The development of lithium-sulfur batteries is associated with many problems. These problems include polysulfide dissolution, the shuttle phenomenon, the low electric and ionic conductivity of S, and the volume change that occurs during charge and discharge. In this review, various elemental techniques for overcoming these problems are summarized from the standpoints of the supporting materials. These techniques include preventing polysulfide dissolution from the cathodes through physical and chemical adsorption on the supporting materials, the use of electrolytes that do not dissolve polysulfides via the coordination of Li+ and solvents, and the use of ion-exchange polymers to permeate Li+ selectively. The following approaches to enable practical applications of S cathodes in future Li-ion batteries are introduced: the utilization of Li-free anode materials, such as C and Si; the use of Li2S cathodes, which are prepared via a pre-lithiation process; and increasing the areal capacity of the S cathode by using a suitable current collector such as Al foam, thus providing a large amount of space for Li+ to migrate and the electron-conductive path. The utilization of an Al foam current collector is one of the promising approaches to creating a cost-effective Li-ion battery owing to the established mass production of Al foam for use in NiMH batteries; such Li-ion battery can achieve an unprecedentedly high areal capacity of 21.9 mAh cm?2. Owing to the resulting areal capacity, the possibility of developing a lithium-sulfur battery with an energy density greater than 200 Wh kg?1 has been demonstrated. Consequently, the combination of these approaches, as introduced in this review, would help create a bright, sustainable society. 相似文献
75.
76.
77.
Masaki Takahashi Ayato YamamotoToshiyasu Inuzuka Tetsuya SengokuHidemi Yoda 《Tetrahedron》2011,67(49):9484-9490
Lipophilic bisanthracene-based fluorophore and its derivatives were synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 9-anthrylboronic acid with a substituted dibromobenzene. In addition to desirable fluorescent properties, these molecular systems were demonstrated to serve as versatile building blocks toward the synthesis of two types of new light-harvesting dendrimers due to their chemical stability. 相似文献
78.
Tetsuya Ezawa Seunghee Jung Yuya Kawashima Takuya Noguchi Nobuyuki Imai 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2017,28(1):75-83
Dipeptides and amides were obtained in high yields from N-carbobenzyloxy α-amino acids and 3-phenylpropanoic acid with unprotected α-amino acids via the corresponding mixed carbonic carboxylic anhydrides using ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine by an ecological and convenient method in which the protection of C-terminals is not needed. 相似文献
79.
Akagi M Omae D Tamura Y Ueda T Kumashiro T Urata H 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2002,50(6):866-868
L-Ribose was synthesized by a simple four-step method with overall yield of 76.3% from a protected L-arabinose derivative, which is a compatible intermediate for the synthesis of L-deoxyribose. The key step of this strategy is the Swern oxidation and subsequent stereoselective reduction accompanied by inversion of the 2-hydroxy group of protected L-arabinose. 相似文献
80.
Secondary 2-thiophenecarboxamides efficiently undergo unique triarylation accompanied by formal decarbamoylation under palladium catalysis. 3-Substituted thiophenes, especially having an electron-withdrawing group, can also be triarylated. 相似文献