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191.
Ida K Funaba H Kado S Narihara K Tanaka K Takeiri Y Nakamura Y Ohyabu N Yamazaki K Yokoyama M Murakami S Ashikawa N deVries PC Emoto M Goto M Idei H Ikeda K Inagaki S Inoue N Isobe M Itoh K Kaneko O Kawahata K Khlopenkov K Komori A Kubo S Kumazawa R Liang Y Masuzaki S Minami T Miyazawa J Morisaki T Morita S Mutoh T Muto S Nagayama Y Nakanishi H Nishimura K Noda N Notake T Kobuchi T Ohdachi S Ohkubo K Oka Y Osakabe M Ozaki T Pavlichenko RO Peterson BJ Sagara A Saito K Sakakibara S Sakamoto R 《Physical review letters》2001,86(23):5297-5300
Recent large helical device experiments revealed that the transition from ion root to electron root occurred for the first time in neutral-beam-heated discharges, where no nonthermal electrons exist. The measured values of the radial electric field were found to be in qualitative agreement with those estimated by neoclassical theory. A clear reduction of ion thermal diffusivity was observed after the mode transition from ion root to electron root as predicted by neoclassical theory when the neoclassical ion loss is more dominant than the anomalous ion loss. 相似文献
192.
Recent theoretical advances have identified several computational algorithms that can be implemented utilizing quantum information
processing (QIP), which gives an exponential speedup over the corresponding (known) algorithms on conventional computers.
QIP makes use of the counter-intuitive properties of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and the superposition principle.
Unfortunately it has so far been impossible to build a practical QIP system that outperforms conventional computers. Atomic
ions confined in an array of interconnected traps represent a potentially scalable approach to QIP. All basic requirements
have been experimentally demonstrated in one and two qubit experiments. The remaining task is to scale the system to many
qubits while minimizing and correcting errors in the system. While this requires extremely challenging technological improvements,
no fundamental roadblocks are currently foreseen. 相似文献
193.
T. Watanabe P. Bydžovský K. Dobashi S. Endo Y. Fujii O. Hashimoto T. Ishikawa K. Itoh H. Kanda M. Katoh T. Kinoshita O. Konno K. Maeda A. Matsumura F. Miyahara H. Miyase T. Miyoshi K. Mizunuma Y. Miura S.N. Nakamura H. Nomura Y. Okayasu T. Osaka M. Oyamada A. Sasaki T. Satoh H. Shimizu M. Sotona T. Takahashi T. Tamae H. Tamura T. Terasawa H. Tsubota K. Tsukada M. Ukai M. Wakamatsu H. Yamauchi H. Yamazaki 《Physics letters. [Part B]》2007
194.
Toshimitsu Ichimori Shinichi Yamazaki Kunio Kimura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(21):4613-4617
The influence of shear flow, especially the timing for the application of shearing, was examined to enhance the selectivity for the preparation of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) (Pp‐OB) by using hydrodynamically induced phase separation during polymerization of 4‐(4‐acetoxybenzoyloxy)benzoic acid (p‐ABAD) and m‐acetoxybenzoic acid (m‐ABA). The polymers containing few m‐oxybenzoyl (m‐OB) moieties were obtained as precipitates even at high content of m‐OB moiety in feed (χf) under shear flow. The content of m‐OB moiety in the precipitates (χp) prepared under shearing throughout the polymerization at the shear rate (γ) of 489 s?1 was 6.3 mol % even at χf of 60 mol %. Especially, the Pp‐OB was obtained as the precipitates at χf of less than 50 mol %. The timing of the application of the shearing influenced the selectivity significantly, and the shearing just after the precipitation of the oligomers started was quite efficient to enhance the selectivity more. The χp of the precipitates prepared with shearing at γ of 489 s?1 just after the precipitation was only 3.9 mol % even at χf of 60 mol %. The shear flow reduced the difference in the reactivity between p‐ABAD and m‐ABA, resulting in the decrease in the selectivity with regard to the formation of p‐oxybenzoyl homo‐oligomer. However, the shear flow enhanced the difference in the miscibility between homo‐oligomers and co‐oligomers. This change in the miscibility by shear flow brought about the more rapid precipitation of homo‐oligomers, leading to the enhancement of the selectivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
195.
Masahiro Kihara Shin‐Ichiro Kohama Shota Umezono Kanji Wakabayashi Shinichi Yamazaki Kunio Kimura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(5):1088-1096
Poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) (POB) crystals were prepared by reaction‐induced crystallization during direct polymerization of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of boronic anhydrides. Polymerizations were carried out at 300 °C in dibenzyltoluene at a concentration of 1% with three kinds of anhydrides of boronic acid such as 3,4,5‐trifluorophenylboronic acid (TFB), 4‐methoxyphenylboronic acid (MPB) and 4‐biphenylboronic acid (BPB). The POB crystals were formed as precipitates in the solution and the morphology was considerably influenced by both the structure of the boronic anhydride and its concentration (cB). Needle‐like crystals were firmed in the presence of TFB anhydride (TFBA) at cBs of 5 and 10 mol % by the spiral growth of lamellae. Spherical aggregates of slab‐like crystals were formed at cBs from 50 to 100 mol %. The polymerization with MPB anhydride and BPB anhydride (BPBA) also yielded the needle‐like crystals at cBs of 50 and 5 mol %, respectively. The polymerization with TFBA at lower cB was favorable to prepare the needle‐like crystal. Molecular weight was also influenced by the structure of the boronic anhydride and cB. Mn increased generally with cB and BPBA gave the highest Mn of 14.7 × 103 at cB of 100 mol %. The loose packing of the molecules in the crystal caused by the bulkiness of the end‐groups made the polymerization in the crystals more efficiently. Morphology and molecular weight of the POB crystals could be controlled by the chemical structure and the content of boronic anhydride. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011. 相似文献
196.
Tetsuo Asaji Janez Seliger Veselko Žagar Hiroyuki Ishida 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2010,48(7):531-536
Proton transfer in hydrogen‐bonded organic co‐crystals of chloranilic acid with some organic bases was investigated by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy. The 35Cl NQR frequencies of chloranilic acid molecule as well as 14N NQR frequencies of the organic base molecule were measured with the conventional pulse methods as well as double‐resonance methods, respectively. The extent of proton transfer in the O···H···N hydrogen bond was estimated from Townes–Dailey analysis of the 14N NQR parameters. The 35Cl NQR frequency and molecular geometry of chloranilic acid are correlated to the extent of proton transfer in the protonation process of the organic base molecule. It is shown that the hydrogen bond affects the π‐electron system of chloranilic acid. Geometry dependence of the O···H···N hydrogen bond, i.e. the H? N valence bond order versus the hydrogen‐bond geometry correlation is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
197.
Ken-ichi Fujita Satoshi UmekiManabu Yamazaki Taku AinoyaTeruhisa Tsuchimoto Hiroyuki Yasuda 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(24):3137-3140
We prepared magnetically recoverable osmium catalysts by use of magnetite, quaternary ammonium salts, and potassium osmate(VI), and applied them to the dihydroxylation of olefins. By employing 2 mol% of the magnetic osmium catalyst, the dihydroxylation reaction proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding vicinal diol in a good chemical yield. The osmium catalyst was readily recovered by use of an external magnet, and was reused repeatedly. 相似文献
198.
199.
An acoustic field effectively affects chromatographic retention in some separation modes and, thus, can be a novel factor controlling retention. After being transmitted into the column, ultrasound energy is mostly converted into heat as a result of absorption by stationary and mobile phases. Thus, ultrasound brings about temperature increases. However, actual temperature increases measured by thermosensors are smaller than those calculated from chromatographic retention changes. In addition, larger ultrasound effects are observed in chromatographic modes involving ionic interactions. These results possibly imply that ultrasound directly influences ionic interactions involved in retention mechanisms. 相似文献
200.
Masao Yamazaki 《Mathematische Nachrichten》1987,133(1):297-315
In this paper we consider pseudodifferential operators associated with symbols satisfying estimates of product type, and give some sufficient conditions for the operators to be bounded on BESOV spaces and on TRIEBEL —LIZORKIN spaces of product type corresponding to the above estimates. In the proof we use the characterization of these spaces by approximation by entire functions. 相似文献