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211.
Basic structural data of two sequential poly(ester amide)s derived from glycolic acid, 1,6‐hexanediamine, and adipic acid or dodecanodioic acid have been determined by means of X‐ray and electron diffraction patterns from fibers and single crystals. Chain‐folded lamellar crystals were obtained by isothermal crystallization from diol or glycerine solutions, and the crystalline habit was investigated by real space electron microscopy. Polyethylene decoration techniques were applied to evaluate the regularity of the folding surfaces. Spherulites prepared from evaporation of formic acid solutions were also studied. The two sequential poly(ester amide)s crystallized according to triclinic and monoclinic unit cells, in which the a crystallographic parameter was close to the typical distance between hydrogen‐bonded chains. Projections viewed down the chain axis revealed differences in the packing mode since oblique and rectangular cells were found for the adipic acid and dodecanodioic acid derivatives, respectively. Both structures can be envisaged as a stacking of hydrogen‐bonded sheets although clear differences concerning the shift between consecutive sheets and the number of layers comprising the unit cell were found. The large unit cells that have been deduced seem to be a consequence of the different packing preferences of the diester and diamide moieties. Both polymers have a molecular conformation that deviates from the all‐trans conformation typical of aliphatic polyamides and polyesters with a large number of methylene groups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 194–206, 2009 相似文献
212.
213.
B. Keiser 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1941,122(5-6):229
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
214.
Irene Gouvinhas Nelson Machado Amadeo Girons‐Vilaplana Snia Gomes Teresa Carvalho Raúl Domínguez‐Perles Ana I. R. N. A. Barros 《Journal of Chemometrics》2016,30(9):548-558
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) can be affected by Colletotrichum acutatum, causing a loss of yield and quality of the final products, whilst the incidence of this fungal infection depends on several factors, including cultivar susceptibility. Thus, the effect of C. acutatum infection in cultivars displaying different susceptibilities to this fungal disease (‘Galega Vulgar’ ‐ susceptible, ‘Cobrançosa’ ‐ moderately susceptible, ‘Picual’ ‐ tolerant) has been assessed through spectrophotometric methods and HPLC, while the FTIR spectra of the cuticles have been concomitantly registered, resorting to the ATR accessory. With the support of multivariate analysis, these spectra allowed to discriminate olives with distinct infection times, besides retrieving evidences concerning the different susceptibility of each cultivar, while these observations were reinforced by the spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, the assessment of the phenolic profile evidenced individual compounds in the distinct cultivars, so as their variations in response to the fungal infection. 相似文献
215.
Ftima C. Teixeira Carla Lucas M. Joo M. Curto Antnio P. S. Teixeira M. Teresa Duarte Vnia Andr 《Heteroatom Chemistry》2016,27(1):3-11
Novel tetraethyl ethylene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate esters derived from 1H‐indazole, 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine, and 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline were synthesized by a Michael addition reaction of tetraethyl ethylidene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate with the corresponding heterocycle, using conventional heating and microwave‐assisted methods. The microwave‐assisted method provides shorter reaction times and better yields. The hydrolysis of bisphosphonates afforded the corresponding bisphosphonic acids or salt, using concentrated hydrochloric acid or TMSBr/collidine, respectively. All new compounds were fully characterized, and their structures were assigned using 1H, 31P, and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of compound 6 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies. 相似文献
216.
Blasco T 《Chemical Society reviews》2010,39(12):4685-4702
This tutorial review intends to show the possibilities of in situ solid state NMR spectroscopy in the elucidation of reaction mechanisms and the nature of the active sites in heterogeneous catalysis. After a brief overview of the more usual experimental devices used for in situ solid state NMR spectroscopy measurements, some examples of applications taken from the recent literature will be presented. It will be shown that in situ NMR spectroscopy allows: (i) the identification of stable intermediates and transient species using indirect methods, (ii) to prove shape selectivity in zeolites, (iii) the study of reaction kinetics, and (iv) the determination of the nature and the role played by the active sites in a catalytic reaction. The approaches and methodology used to get this information will be illustrated here summarizing the most relevant contributions on the investigation of the mechanisms of a series of reactions of industrial interest: aromatization of alkanes on bifunctional catalysts, carbonylation reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide, ethylbenzene disproportionation, and the Beckmann rearrangement reaction. Special attention is paid to the research carried out on the role played by carbenium ions and alkoxy as intermediate species in the transformation of hydrocarbon molecules on solid acid catalysts. 相似文献
217.
Carmen Peinado Teresa Corrales Sara Pedrón Valentín Ruiz Santa Quiteria Juan Antonio Barrio Javier González-Benito 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(6):975-986
SEBS block copolymers were treated under mild conditions in an ozone atmosphere, producing very slightly chemically-modified surfaces. The thermal stability was analysed by chemiluminescence and related to morphological changes observed by AFM. The intrinsic thermal stability was diminished by ozone exposure, but the oxidation induction times were delayed which indicates an enhancement of thermal stability under oxidative conditions. Also, chemiluminescence analysis showed the presence of a typical order-disorder transition at temperatures around 120 °C. Two different sets of samples which showed different morphological patterns were imaged by AFM. The effects of micro-domain separation and inter-domain structure on thermal properties are discussed and explained by a coarsening of the internal interface induced by ozone. A detailed 2D Fourier transformed analysis of AFM images allowed us to identify a regular wrinkled nano-pattern induced by uniaxial strain combined with ozone treatment, offering new opportunities in applications ranging from organic electronics to bio-patterning. 相似文献
218.
Teresa M. R. Maria A. J. Lopes Jesus M. Ermelinda S. Eusébio 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2010,99(2):385-390
In this study, the thermal behavior of butanediol isomers is investigated for temperatures ranging from 103 to 303 K using
differential scanning calorimetry, complemented, when necessary, by polarized light thermal microscopy. The butanediol isomers
display quite different thermal behaviors: for 1,2- and 1,3-isomers, glass transition is the only thermal event observed;
for 1,4-butanediol, crystallization occurs on cooling even at a high scanning rate and no glass formation was detected; and
for the 2,3-isomer, glass or crystal formation is dependent on the experimental conditions employed. The glass-forming ability
of the isomers is correlated with data available on their molecular symmetry. 相似文献
219.
Antonio Doménech-Carbó María Teresa Doménech-Carbó Marina Calisti Vincenzo Maiolo 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,14(3):465-477
An electrochemical method for identifying anthraquinonic, naphthoquinonic, and related dyes in microsamples is reported. This
method is based on the sequential application of oxidative and reductive constant-potential polarization steps coupled with
the record of square wave voltammograms to solid microsamples of dyes in contact with aqueous electrolytes. As a result, oxidized/reduced
products form a layer on the lateral faces of the dye crystals as suggested by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy data. This methodology is applied for characterizing alizarin, purpurin,
and natural dyes aloe, cochineal red, madder lake, kermes, shellac, and henna attached to paraffin-impregnated graphite electrodes
in contact with aqueous potassium phosphate buffer. 相似文献
220.
Isabel Martínez-Lázaro Antonio Doménech-Carbó María Teresa Doménech-Carbó María Teresa Pastor-Valls Vicente Amigó-Borrás 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,14(3):437-447
A combination of different electrochemical techniques, namely, voltammetry of microparticles, open circuit potential, potentiodynamic
polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise was used for studying a contemporary kinetic
sculpture: “I Hábitat en órbita baja de la Tierra” (1 Habitat in low-orbit around the Earth, Elvira Alfageme, 1981). It introduced
the concept of ‘electrochemical equivalence’ in order to evaluate alternative conservative treatments consisting of doré and golden patination. Electrochemical information is relevant with regard to aesthetic and ethic problems associated to
the conservation/restoration of works of art. 相似文献