全文获取类型
收费全文 | 394篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 232篇 |
晶体学 | 3篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 41篇 |
物理学 | 117篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 36篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有396条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Daniel Luciano Falkoski Valéria Monteze Guimarães Maíra Nicolau de Almeida Acelino Couto Alfenas Jorge Luiz Colodette Sebastião Tavares de Rezende 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2012,166(6):1586-1603
The aim of this work was to evaluate the biochemical features of the white-rot fungi Pycnoporus sanguineus cellulolytic complex and its utilization to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. When cultivated under submerged fermentation using
corn cobs as carbon source, P. sanguineus produced high FPase, endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, mannanase, α-galactosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase, and polygalacturonase
activities. Cellulase activities were characterized in relation to pH and temperature. β-Glucosidase and FPase activities
were higher at 55 °C, pH 4.5, and endoglucanase activity was higher at 60 °C, in a pH range of 3.5–4.0. All cellulase activities
were highly stable at 40 and 50 °C through 48 h of pre-incubation. Crude enzymatic extract from P. sanguineus was applied in a saccharification experiment using acid-treated and alkali-treated sugarcane bagasse as substrate, and the
hydrolysis yields were compared to that obtained by a commercial cellulase preparation. Reducing sugar yields of 60.4% and
64.0% were reached when alkali-treated bagasse was hydrolyzed by P. sanguineus extract and commercial cellulase, respectively. Considering the glucose production, it was observed that P. sanguineus extract and commercial cellulase ensured yields of 22.6% and 36.5%, respectively. The saccharification of acid-treated bagasse
was lower than that of alkali-treated bagasse regardless of the cellulolytic extract. The present work showed that P. sanguineus has a great potential as an enzyme producer for biomass saccharification. 相似文献
72.
Zn–Ni–TiO2 and Zn–TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by galvanostatic cathodic square wave deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron
microscopy revealed that the occlusion of TiO2 nanoparticles (spherical shaped with diameter between 19.5 and 24.2 nm) promotes the formation of the γ-Ni5Zn21 phase, changes the preferred crystallographic orientation of Zn from (101) and (102) planes to (002), and decreases the particle
size of the metallic matrices. The stability of the nanocomposites immersed in near-neutral 0.05 mold m−3 Na2SO4 solution (pH 6.2) was investigated over 24 h. The initial open circuit potential for the Zn–Ni–TiO2 and Zn–TiO2 coatings were −1.32 and −1.51 V (vs. Hg/Hg2SO4), respectively, and changed to −1.10 and –1.49 V (vs. Hg/Hg2SO4) after 24 h of immersion. Data extracted from the steady state polarization curves demonstrated that the metal–TiO2 nanocomposites have, with respect to the metal coatings, a higher corrosion potential in the case of the Zn–Ni alloy composite;
a lower corrosion potential in the case of Zn-based nanocomposite albeit the predominant (002) crystallographic orientation;
and a lower initial corrosion resistance due to the smaller grain size and higher porosity in the Zn–Ni–TiO2 and Zn–TiO2 nanocomposites. Morphological and chemical analyses showed that a thicker passive layer is formed on the surface of the Zn–Ni–TiO2 and Zn–TiO2 deposits. After 24 h of immersion in the sulphate solution, the Zn–Ni–TiO2 coating has the highest corrosion stability due to the double-protective action created by the deposit’s surface enrichment
in Ni plus the higher amount of corrosion products. 相似文献
73.
We investigate the nature of the ordered phase and the orientational correlations between adjacent layers of the confined three-dimensional self-assembled rigid rod model, on the cubic lattice. We find that the ordered phase at finite temperatures becomes uniaxial in the thermodynamic limit, by contrast to the ground state (partial) order where the orientation of the uncorrelated layers is perpendicular to one of the three lattice directions. The increase of the orientational correlation between layers as the number of layers increases suggests that the unconfined model may also exhibit uniaxial ordering at finite temperatures. 相似文献
74.
A fast and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes (I, II, III, and IV) in food samples was developed for the first time using partial filling micellar electrokinectic chromatography-mass spectrometry (MEKC-MS). The use of MEKC was essential to achieve the separation of these neutral analytes, while the partial filling technique was necessary to avoid the contamination of the ion source with non-volatile micelles. MEKC separation and MS detection conditions were optimized in order to achieve a fast, efficient, and sensitive separation of the four dyes. Filling 25% of the capillary with an MEKC solution containing 40 mM ammonium bicarbonate, 25 mM SDS, and 32.5% (v/v) acetonitrile, a baseline separation of the four azo-dyes was obtained in 10 min. Tandem MS was investigated in order to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Limits of detection (LOD) values 5, 8, 15, and 29 times better were obtained for Sudan III, I, II, and IV, respectively, using partial filling MEKC-MS/MS instead of partial filling MEKC-MS. Under optimized conditions, LOD from 0.05 to 0.2 μg/mL were obtained. The suitability of the developed method was demonstrated through the fast and sensitive determination of Sudan I, II, III, and IV in spiked chilli powder samples. This determination could not be achieved by MEKC-UV due to the existence of several interfering compounds from the matrix. 相似文献
75.
Gisele C. X. Valle Maria I. B. Tavares Leandro Luetkmeyer Giovanni C. Stael 《Macromolecular Symposia》2007,258(1):113-118
Summary: In the last decades, the growing environmental awareness has resulted in a renewed interest in the use of natural materials for different applications. In this context, the use of wood in plastic to obtain composites has grown significantly. In the present work, heartwood and sapwood from Angelim Pedra (Hymenolobiun petraeum) were used to prepare PVC/wood composites. To study the composites with different wood types and filler contents the molecular dynamic was investigated through low field NMR by poton spin- lattice relaxation time measurements (T1H) and the thermal behavior was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) focusing the glass transition temperature and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) observing the changes in the thermal stability. It was found that increasing addition of wood flour (sapwood and heartwood) caused a small but progressive improvement of the decomposition temperature of the composites, whereas the glass transition temperature remains practically unchanged. In the molecular dynamic behavior, a gradual decrease in T1H values was observed with increasing sapwood and heartwood content, indicating that the composites became less rigid. The distribution curves of the domains showed a better interaction and phase dispersion between the composite components with higher filler content. 相似文献
76.
A. C. Tavares M. A. M. Cartaxo M.I. da Silva Pereira F. M. Costa 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2001,5(1):57-67
Studies on the electrochemical behaviour of Ni1−
x
Cu
x
Co2O4 (x ≤ 0.75) and NiCo2−
y
Cu
y
O4 (y ≤ 0.30) electrodes in 5 mol dm−3 KOH aqueous solutions are presented. The oxide layers have been prepared by thermal decomposition of aqueous nitrate solutions
on nickel supports at 623 K. Powder samples were also prepared by thermal decomposition under the same conditions. The powder
samples and the oxide layers were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction. The influence of the copper content on the voltammetric
response of the electrodes and activity towards oxygen evolution reaction is analysed and correlated with the surface composition
of the electrodes by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. The analysis of the results reveals that the presence
of Cu affects the electrode behaviour and its influence depends on which cation has been replaced.
Received: 22 February 1999 / Accepted: 26 October 1999 相似文献
77.
M. Teresa S. R. Gomes Karina S. Tavares João A. B. P. Oliveira 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2001,369(7-8):616-619
A new sensor for calcium based on a piezoelectric quartz crystal is presented. The selectivity depends on the ratio lipophilic salt/ionophore of the composition of the coating of the quartz crystal. A crystal coated with a THF solution of PVC (34.5% w/w), DOS (62.1% w/w) and 10,19-bis[(octadecylcarbamoyl) methoxyacetyl]-1,4,7,13,16-pentaoxa-10,19-diaza cycloheneicosane (3.4% w/w) and a salt/ionophore molar proportion of 60%, corresponding to a frequency decrease of the dry crystal of 6.0 kHz, showed a detection limit to calcium of 2.2 mg/L. Both a standard calcium chloride solution and a commercially balanced salt solution for tissue culture were analyzed subsequent to ion chromatographic separation. The results obtained with the sensor developed were compared with those obtained with a conductivity detector. Although the results from both detectors agreed for the standard solution, only the quartz crystal sensor was able to give reliable results for the tissue culture solution. 相似文献
78.
Renata Quartieri Nascimento Cludio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro Nelson Barros Colauto Larissa da Silva Paulo Vitor Frana Lemos Ederlan de Souza Ferreira Giani Andrea Linde Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado Pedro Paulo Lordelo Guimares Tavares Aline Camaro Telles Biasoto Marcelo Andres Umsza Guez Natlia Carvalho Denílson de Jesus Assis Jania Betnia Alves da Silva Carolina Oliveira de Souza 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(20)
Edible insects are a potential alternative food source of high feed conversion efficiency and protein content. Zophobas atratus is an edible insect that adapts to different diets, enabling sustainable rearing by adding value to by-products and agro-industrial residues. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and nutritional characterization of Zophobas atratus larvae fed with different proportions of grape residue. Physicochemical analysis of the diets and larvae (AOAC procedures), fatty acid profile (chromatographic techniques), metals and non-metals (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry), larval mass gain, feed conversion efficiency, and mortality rate were assessed. The replacement of 25% of the conventional diet with grape residue increased lipid, ash, and fiber contents and reduced protein, carbohydrates, and energy. It promoted greater mass gain, lower mortality rate, and reduced larval growth time by 51%. Among the replacements, 25% resulted in the second-highest content of calcium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc, and the lowest content of potassium and phosphorus in the larvae. The 100% replacement resulted in the highest amounts of C18:2n6 (27.8%), C18:3n3 (2.2%), and PUFA (30.0%). Replacing 25% of the conventional diet with grape residue is equivalent to the conventional diet in many aspects and improves several larvae performance indices and nutritional values. 相似文献
79.
In memoriam Jen? Paulik 相似文献
80.
本文报导了采用氩离子激光器来泵浦Pr3+:YLF晶体,应用声光调制器实现了主动锁模;同时应用振动─高反射平面镜也实现了被动锁模,两种锁模均得到了ps光脉冲.据作者了解这是这种晶体材料的第一次锁模运转. 相似文献