Generation of powerful subnanosecond microwave pulses by intense electron bunches moving in a periodic backward wave structure in the superradiative regime

Experimental results of the observation of coherent stimulated radiation from subnanosecond electron bunches moving through a periodic waveguide and interacting with a backward propagating wave are presented. The subnanosecond microwave pulses in Ka and W bands were generated with repetition frequencies of up to 25 Hz. The mechanism of microwave pulse generation was associated with self-bunching, and the mutual influence of different parts of the electron pulse due to slippage of the wave with respect to the electrons; this can be interpreted as superradiance. The illumination of a panel of neon bulbs resulted in a finely structured pattern corresponding to the excitation of the TM01 mode. Observation of rf breakdown of ambient air, as well as direct measurements by hot-carrier germanium detectors, leads to an estimate of the absolute peak power as high as 60 MW for the 300-ps pulses at 38 GHz. These results are compared with numerical simulations. The initial observation of 75-GHz, 10-15-MW radiation pulses with a duration of less than 150 ps is also reported.     

Features of femtosecond laser pulse reflection from a sharp boundary of relativistic laser plasma

The features of femtosecond laser pulse reflection from a plasma target of near-critical density were analytically and numerically studied in a wide range of laser pulse intensities and durations. Based on analytical calculations, it is shown that the pulse reflectance at a constant intensity decreases with decreasing pulse duration. Based of numerical simulation results, it is shown that, as a superintense femtosecond laser pulse is incident on a plasma layer with a concentration close to the critical one, a quasi-periodic electron-density structure is formed in the plasma bulk, which can both increase and decrease the the laser pulse reflectance.     

Discrete String Simulating the Musical Scale

A discrete string with fixed endpoints carrying a finite number of beads is determined by the masses of beads and the distances between them. The string possesses a set of simple eigenfrequencies corresponding to harmonic eigenmodes. In this paper, the following problem is studied: to find a discrete string carrying seven beads such that its eigenfrequencies coincide with the freqiencies of the notes of the first octave of the musical scale. The problem is solved in two steps. First, the spectral inverse problem is considered, i.e., we recover the string from its spectrum and a set of constants related to the normalized eigenmodes. A procedure of solving this problem is described. One of the main results of the paper is a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the spectral inverse problem. The second step is numerical realization of the procedure. Bibliography: 3 titles.     

ICP-AES分析光谱条件对中药蒲公英无机元素吸收的影响

在全密闭植物工厂中水培种植中药蒲公英,以发射不同波段光谱的荧光灯及LED灯作为药材生长光源,并结合ICP–AES技术分析了不同光谱条件对蒲公英无机元素吸收和积累的影响。结果表明:(1)相近的光合有效辐射(PAR)条件下,单一红光R及混合光FLRB有利于水培蒲公英可食生物量的积累,单一蓝光B处理下可食生物量最低;(2)荧光灯FL条件下蒲公英地上部分常量无机元素含量比值为K∶Ca∶P∶Mg∶Na=79.74∶32.39∶24.32∶10.55∶1.00,微量无机元素含量比值为Fe∶Mn∶B∶Zn∶Cu=9.28∶9.71∶3.82∶2.08∶1.00;(3)峰值为660nm的红光有利于蒲公英对Ca,Fe,Mn,Zn元素的吸收,Cu元素含量受光谱条件的影响不明显;(4)蒲公英地上部分对Ca,Na,Mn,Zn四种元素的积累量均在纯红光R下最高,而对其余六种元素的积累量以混合光FLRB条件下最高。     

Generation of ultrashort microwave pulses based on cyclotronsuperradiance

We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the superradiance from a bunch of electrons rotating in a homogeneous magnetic field. A RADAN-303B modulator equipped with a subnanosecond pulse slicer has been used to generate high current subnanosecond electron bunches (250 kV, 0.1-1 kA, 0.3-0.5 ns). Transverse momentum was imparted to the electrons by a kicker. It is shown that for the experimental observation of cyclotron superradiance from high current electron bunches the optimum conditions are the conditions of group synchronism, when the translational velocity of the bunch coincides with the group velocity of the radiation propagating in the waveguide. In the 35 GHz range microwave pulses with record short duration, down to 0.4 ns, with a peak power level up to 200 kW, have been obtained     

Effect of annealing on the self-poled state in thin ferroelectric films

It is shown that high-temperature treatment of self-poled lead zirconate-titanate films containing an excess of lead oxide, followed by prolonged storage at room temperature, results in a charge redistribution in the near-electrode regions of ferroelectric films. Such heat treatment destroys, as a rule, the self-poled state and removes the dielectric nonuniformity. A model of a thin-film ferroelectric capacitor is proposed which makes it possible to reproduce variations in the P-V hysteresis loop shape and capacity-voltage (C-V) characteristics, as well as in the frequency-dependent pyroelectric response (LIMM). The effect of the interface and grain boundaries on the onset of the self-poled state, its variation, and destruction is discussed in terms of the proposed model.