全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27375篇 |
免费 | 5000篇 |
国内免费 | 4885篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 21284篇 |
晶体学 | 479篇 |
力学 | 1400篇 |
综合类 | 351篇 |
数学 | 2832篇 |
物理学 | 10914篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 69篇 |
2023年 | 515篇 |
2022年 | 925篇 |
2021年 | 1038篇 |
2020年 | 1200篇 |
2019年 | 1204篇 |
2018年 | 1062篇 |
2017年 | 1090篇 |
2016年 | 1455篇 |
2015年 | 1508篇 |
2014年 | 1832篇 |
2013年 | 2290篇 |
2012年 | 2839篇 |
2011年 | 2876篇 |
2010年 | 2138篇 |
2009年 | 2007篇 |
2008年 | 2192篇 |
2007年 | 1911篇 |
2006年 | 1671篇 |
2005年 | 1301篇 |
2004年 | 971篇 |
2003年 | 746篇 |
2002年 | 800篇 |
2001年 | 706篇 |
2000年 | 524篇 |
1999年 | 481篇 |
1998年 | 303篇 |
1997年 | 256篇 |
1996年 | 213篇 |
1995年 | 180篇 |
1994年 | 163篇 |
1993年 | 143篇 |
1992年 | 121篇 |
1991年 | 99篇 |
1990年 | 82篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 47篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 38篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
在细胞和分子水平上,研究了稀土化合物氯化铽(TbCl3)对成骨细胞MC3T3-E1增殖、分化及矿化功能的影响。结果表明,细胞水平上,浓度为0.0001、0.001、0.01、0.1、1和10 μmol·L-1的TbCl3均促进MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖、分化及其矿化功能,然而,当浓度升至为100和1000 μmol·L-1时,TbCl3表现出抑制作用。分子水平上,浓度为0.0001和0.1 μmol·L-1的TbCl3明显上调成骨分化相关基因骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2),碱性磷酸酶(ALP),骨涎蛋白(BSP),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col Ⅰ),骨钙素(OCN)和runt 相关转录因子2(Runx2)的表达。浓度为1 000 μmol·L-1的TbCl3则抑制上述成骨分化相关基因的表达。浓度为0.000 1、0.1和1 μmol·L-1的TbCl3促进成骨分化相关蛋白Runx2,BMP-2和OCN的表达;结果显示,低浓度的TbCl3促进MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化及矿化功能,而高浓度TbCl3则呈现出抑制作用。TbCl3通过调控Runx2的表达刺激早期成骨分化相关基因BMP-2、Col Ⅰ和晚期成骨分化相关基因ALP、OCN的表达,从而诱导MC3T3-E1成骨分化。 相似文献
992.
993.
随着材料科学的迅速发展,聚合物材料以不同的形态越来越广泛地应用于食品包装中。但是由于聚合物材料自身的特性及其改性加工,导致了很多低分子量化合物的形成,因而给食品安全性带来很大隐患,也危害着人们的身体健康。为了解决这一问题,在选用材料前,必须分析聚合物材料中低分子化合物的迁移情况,考虑迁移过程对包材使用的影响。实验中选用正庚烷、8%乙醇、50%乙醇和蒸馏水作为食品模拟液,用气相色谱测定聚苯乙烯提取物的迁移量,进而将实验数据分析比较。结果显示,迁移量随着温度的升高和时间的延长而不断增加,溶剂种类的影响为:正庚烷>50%乙醇>8%乙醇>蒸馏水。 相似文献
994.
Hierarchical ZSM-11 with intergrowth structures:Synthesis,characterization and catalytic properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Qingjun Yu Chaoyue Cui Qiang Zhang Jing Chen Yang Li Jinpeng Sun Chunyi Li Qiukai Cui Chaohe Yang Honghong Shan 《天然气化学杂志》2013,(5):761-768
Hierarchical ZSM-11 microspheres with intercrystalline mesoporous properties and rod-like crystals intergrowth morphology have been synthesized using a spot of tetrabutylammonium as a single template.XRD,FTIR,SEM,TEM and N2 adsorption analysis revealed that each individual particle was composed of nanosized rod crystals inserting each other and the intercrystalline voids existing among rods gave a significant mesopore size distribution.Steam treatment result demonstrated the excellent hydrothermal stability of samples.Various crystallization modes including constant temperature crystallization (one-stage crystallization) and two-stage temperature-varying crystallization with different 1st stage durations were investigated.The results suggested that the crystallization modes were mainly responsible for the adjustable particle size and textural properties of samples while the small amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide was mainly used to direct the formation of both ZSM-11 framework and its intergrowth morphology.Furthermore,the performance of optimal ZSM-11 as an active component for the catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil was also investigated.Compared with the commercial pyrolysis catalyst,the hierarchical ZSM-11 catalyst exhibited a high selectivity to desired products(LPG+gasoline+diesel),as well as a much lower dry gas and coke yield,plus a high selectivity and yield of light olefins(C=3 C=4)and very poor selectivity to benzene.Therefore,fully open micropore-mesopore connectivity would make such hierarchically porous ZSM-11 zeolites very attractive for applications in clean petrochemical catalysis field. 相似文献
995.
996.
建立了超声辅助提取/离子色谱法测定铬污染场地中铬(Ⅵ)的方法。选用0.3 mol/L的KCl溶液作提取剂,对12组土壤样品中的铬(Ⅵ)进行超声辅助提取20 min。采用Metrosep A Supp 4-250(250 mm×4.0mm)型阴离子分离柱,以4 mmol/L Na2CO3-1 mmol/L NaHCO3混合溶液为淋洗液对样品进行分离分析。铬(Ⅵ)在0.0120 mg/L浓度范围有较好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.999 8;该方法的检出限为0.003 mg/L,加标回收率为96.4%106.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为0.56%。该方法具有简便、快速、准确等优点,适用于铬污染场地的监测与调查。 相似文献
997.
998.
研究了多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP MS)测定铅同位素比值时,影响测试结果准确度和精密度的主要因素及其优化过程。在优化条件下,10 h内连续30次测定4 ng/mL NIST SRM 981同位素标准溶液铅同位素比值,获得208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb和206Pb/204Pb相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为0.005%、0.004%和0.054%。长期监测208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb和206Pb/204Pb,标准偏差(2SDs)分别为0.000 06、0.000 05和0.006 7。采用NEPTUNE MC-ICP MS法测定了低铅海洋碳酸盐样品中稳定铅的同位素比值,并对南海橙黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和库氏砗磲(Tridacna gigas)进行了分析,得到全流程空白为8~10 pg,重复样误差优于0.1%。经0.50 mol/L HNO3洗脱之后,得到海南珊瑚样品中208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb的比值分别为2.086 2±0.001 5、0.849 90±0.001 47(n=16);海南砗磲样品中208Pb/206Pb、207Pb/206Pb的比值分别为2.116 9±0.004 2、0.864 81±0.001 62(n=9)。进一步考察了南海海洋碳酸盐中204Pb的同位素比值。分析结果表明,南海海洋碳酸盐中稳定铅同位素比值与中国气溶胶、珠江三角洲大气沉降、黄土及南海海底玄武岩等具有很好的相关性。方法适用于复杂基体高钙低铅的海洋碳酸盐样品中铅同位素比值的分析。 相似文献
999.
Lipid profiling of human plasma from peritoneal dialysis patients using an improved 2D (NP/RP) LC-QToF MS method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Min Li Baosheng Feng Yuan Liang Wei Zhang Yu Bai Wen Tang Tao Wang Huwei Liu 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(21):6629-6638
An improved online two-dimensional liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D LC-QToF MS) system was developed for the lipid profiling of human plasma, in which different lipid classes were separated by the first dimensional normal-phase (NP) LC and different lipid molecular species were separated by the second dimensional reversed-phase (RP) LC. This 2D LC-QToF MS system was built based on a ten-port, two-position valve as the interface, the conditions of which had been optimized and discussed in detail. As two loops were used to trap and transfer the first dimensional elute to the second dimension separately, this new interface suppressed the sample band broadening in the first dimensional column, increased the recovery and repeatability of 2D LC interface, and offered the possibility for the realization of not-stop-flow NP/RP 2D LC system. Finally, 190 endogenous lipid species out of 10 lipid classes were determined within a single run from the plasma of peritoneal patients. This method was also applied to identify the difference in lipid profile between plasma from peritoneal dialysis patients with bad volume status and peritoneal dialysis patients with good volume status. The discovery of 30 potential biomarkers would be helpful to the malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis syndrome investigation. 相似文献
1000.
Xi‐Kai Shu Jia Li Feng Liu Xiao‐Jing Lin Xiao Wang Chun‐Xia Song 《Journal of separation science》2013,36(16):2680-2685
This study aimed to seek an efficient method to extract and purify yunaconitine and 8‐deacetylyunaconitine from Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom. by accelerated solvent extraction combined with pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography. The major extraction parameters for accelerated solvent extraction were optimized by an orthogonal test design L9 (3)4. Then a separation and purification method was established using pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography with a two‐phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:5:2:8, v/v) with 10 mM triethylamine in the upper phase and 10 mM HCl in the lower phase. From 2 g crude extract, 224 mg of 8‐deacetylyunaconitine (I) and 841 mg of yunaconitine (II) were obtained with a purity of over 98.0%. The chemical structures were identified by ESI‐MS and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献