Fragmentation of wastewater sludge floc by planar ice front

Floc size has substantial impact on sludge dewaterability, which might be increased or reduced after freezing and thawing. It is commonly assumed that floc size would be increased by low-speed freezing, with a planar ice front rejecting most flocs ahead of it to form large aggregates. We demonstrate in this work that an advancing planar ice front can not only engulf an activated sludge floc of size 3030 mum, but also fragment it. During floc freezing, when the ice engulfed a thin layer of floc, the latter would be pulled apart vertically by the action of the former. This particular portion of floc was then axially elongated and fixed in the frozen layer, with accumulated force pushing upward. In the present test the floc's vertical length was increased by over 92% and its width decreased by 37% over freezing. The force measurement and floc morphology tracking revealed that the force gradient that pulled apart the floc was 0.0027 N/m. The floc under investigation was fragmented at the point where the normal stress acting on the interior network exceeded 8 Pa.     

Concise and Efficient Synthesis of Dehydropeptide Analogues from Unsaturated 5（4H）—Oxazolone

Some dehydropeptide analogues were directly synthesized by the reaction of unsaturated oxazolones with free amino acids.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测植物源性食品中34种农药残留

建立了全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时检测植物源性食品中34种农药残留的分析方法。方法利用全自动QuEChERS样品制备系统涡旋振动和离心功能，将手动QuEChERS方法中样品提取和分散固相萃取相结合；优化了操作参数及前处理步骤，在多反应监测（MRM）模式下检测，基质匹配外标法定量。从方法学验证角度对全自动QuEChERS法与手动QuEChERS法进行了比较。结果表明：该方法中大多数农药在一定范围内呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）均大于0.99，检出限为0.76~3.60 μg/kg，定量限为2.28~10.80 μg/kg，加标回收率为53.0%~125.2%，相对标准偏差（RSD）<15.9%（n=5）。该方法与手动QuEChERS法的方法验证比对结果显示差异不明显，用于植物源性食品中多农药残留检测可有效降低劳动强度和出错概率。     

Optimized Separation of Nine Xanthones by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography

A microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method has been firstly used for the separation of the therapeutically important xanthones from Securidaca inappendiculata. The separation of the nine xanthones was systematically optimized with respect to pH, composition of microemulsion,addition of cyclodextrins, applied voltage and column temperature. Baseline separation was successfully achieved for the nine xanthones, which was also compared with that by micellar electrokinetic chromtography.     

Nation-Teflon bimembrane-supported palladium catalysts for Suzuki coupling reactions

Nation-Teflon bimembrane was used as an efficient support for the preparation and application of heterogeneous palladium catalysts.The supported palladium catalysts exhibit high activity and stability in the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids to afford the corresponding biaryls in good to excellent yields,and can be readily recovered and reused several times without significant loss of activity.     

Synthesis, characterization and thermal analysis of polyaniline/ZrO2 composites

Conducting polyaniline-zirconium dioxide (PANI/ZrO₂) composites were synthesized by ‘in situ’ deposition technique in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) as dopant by adding the fine grade powder (average particle size of approximately 20 nm) of ZrO₂ into the polymerization reaction mixture of aniline. The composites obtained were characterized by infrared spectra (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TG curves and DTG curves of the composites suggest that the thermal degradation process of PANI/ZrO₂ composites proceeds in two-steps and the composites are more thermally stable than that of the pure PANI. The improvement in the thermal stability for the composites is attributed to the interaction between PANI and ZrO₂, which restricts the thermal motion of PANI chains and shields the degradation of PANI in the composites.     

熔体快速冷凝过程的微观结构演化

采用分子动力学模拟技术研究了金属间化合物AuCu3熔体的双体分布函数、键对、多面体、配位数等在快速凝固条件下随温度的变化情况，详细考察了AuCu3中微观组团随温度的演化特点.结果表明，AuCu3熔体降温至700 K时双体分布函数的第二峰已发生劈裂，液态金属中已经产生了非晶态；同时液体中的键对数及多面体数与温度的关系都表明，在上述向非晶转变的过程中，AuCu3熔体的确发生了微观结构组态的变化，其中以液体中的缺陷多面体随温度变化最为剧烈.     

Conversion of phenyl-substituted cyclopentadienes to pyrylium cations

Phenyl-substituted cyclopentadienes are proved to form phenylated pyrylium cations in the presence of silver(I) perchlorate by insertion of an oxygen atom into the cyclopentadiene-ring. Three phenylated pyrylium compounds, [(Ph(5)C(5)O(+))(ClO(4)(-))](2)(CH(2)Cl(2)) (1), Ag(ClO(4))(H(2)O)(Ph(4)HC(5)O(+)) (ClO(4)(-)) (2), and (Ph(3)H(2)C(5)O(+))(ClO(4)(-)) (3) have been synthesized and characterized. A possible reaction pathway and formation mechanism of the pyrylium cation are proposed and discussed.     

Cu2(μ-dppb)2(μ-Cl)2的合成、晶体结构及非线性光学性质

The complex Cu₂(μ-dppb)₂(μ-Cl)₂ has been synthesized from the reaction of CuCl， dppb and (n-Bu)₄NCl. The crystal belongs to the triclinic with space group P1. The unit cell parameters are: a=9.939(4)?， b=10.083(6)?， c=14.104(5)?， α=76.46(3)°， β=71.02(2)°， γ=70.87(5)°. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that it has a bi-ring structure with a symmetry center at the middle of two Copper atoms. The outer ring is a 14-membered ring of Cu-dppb-Cu-dppb， and the inner ring is a 4-membered ring composed of two Cl^- and two Cu(Ⅰ). Investigation of third-order optical nonlinearity shows that it exhibits considerable nonlinear absorptive and self-defocusing effect with α₂=1.75×10^-13m·W^-1 and n₂=3.19×10^-18m²·W^-1. CCDC: 193113.