热带低层弱涡旋中扰动的快速发展及其向中心传播的特征

台风发生的必要条件是热带低层具有气旋式扰动, 从卫星云图和诊断分析看,许多低层涡旋中存在分立的云团或中尺度系统. 这些涡旋能否发展成为台风,取决于其中的中尺度波动是否发展集合组成密闭云带. 本文利用柱坐标下的两层动力模式,研究了低层弱涡旋中第二类条件不稳定 机 制驱动下的波动的发展和移动问题. 结果表明:热带弱涡旋中的低层基本流垂直切变 可以很大地加强波动的不稳定性; 波动的相速度和群速度都指向涡旋中心, 波动向中心传播,能量向中心频散. 实例和数值研究也都表明,低层涡旋中的中尺度扰动会迅速发展并且向 中心靠近,促使台风形成.     

Two-Level Defect-Correction Method for Steady Navier-Stokes Problem with Friction Boundary Conditions

In this paper, we present two-level defect-correction finite element method for steady Navier-Stokes equations at high Reynolds number with the friction boundary conditions, which results in a variational inequality problem of the second kind. Based on Taylor-Hood element, we solve a variational inequality problem of Navier-Stokes type on the coarse mesh and solve a variational inequality problem of Navier-Stokes type corresponding to Newton linearization on the fine mesh. The error estimates for the velocity in the $H^1$ norm and the pressure in the $L^2$ norm are derived. Finally, the numerical results are provided to confirm our theoretical analysis.     

Thermal Properties of Materials Characterized by Scanning Electron-Acoustic Microscopy

A modified technique of scanning electron-acoustic microscopy is employed to determine thermal diffusivity of materials. Using the dependence of the electron-acoustic signal on modulation frequency of the electron beam, the thermal diffusivity of materials is characterized based on a simplified thermoelastic theory. The thermal diffusivities of several metals characterized by the modified scanning electron-acoustic microscopy are in good agreement with the referential values of the corresponding materials, which proves that the scanning electronacoustic microscopy can be used to characterize the thermal diffusivity of materials effectively. In addition, for micro-inhomogeneous materials, such as biological tissues, the macro-effective （average） thermal diffusivities are characterized by the technique.     

3d过渡金属原子单层在Pd(001)表面磁性的第一性原理研究

用第一性原理基础上的超软赝势方法的总能计算，研究了3d过渡金属(Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)在Pd(001)表面的单层p(1×1)和c(2×2)结构的表面磁性和总能. 所得结果表明：对于Sc, Ti, V和Cr只存在p(1×1)的铁磁性结构，而Mn只有c(2×2)的反铁磁结构存在. Fe, Co和Ni这三种元素上述两种结构都存在，但是总能上p(1×1)的铁磁结构要低些，因此是比较稳定的结构. 而Cu和Zn在该表面上的单层中不存在上述两种结构. 对于V的p(1×1)铁磁结构，计算得到的每个V原子磁矩为2.41μ_B，大于用全电子方法得到的0.51μ_B. 两种计算方法得到其他金属原子 (Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni)的表面磁矩比较相近，都比孤立原子磁矩略小. 关键词： Pd(001)表面 过渡金属原子单层 表面磁性     

刚体转动惯量实验中时间测量的改进方法

对传统的刚体转动实验仪时间的测量方法进行了改进,提高了实验测量的精度,拓展了实验内容．同时也可以作为开放、设计性实验．     

自然循环加热段内对流传热特性的实验研究

本文以常压去离子水为工质,对自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流传热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,自然循环工况下上升加热段内工质的物性变化及由浮升力引起的自由流动对对流传热特性有重要影响。通过分析,提出了计算自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流换热系数的经验关系式。     

周视大像旋稳海天线向量角补偿算法

为使两轴周视光电探测系统在三自由度扰动和大像旋条件下搜索并跟踪水面目标,在虚拟天际线焦平面像五自由度解析表达式基础上,推导出焦平面坐标系铅直轴的方向向量和该坐标系下海天出射平面法向量夹角的余弦表达式.该式求反余弦后减π/2,得到焦平面铅直坐标轴的方向向量和海天出射平面法向量小于π/2的夹角,该夹角的0.5倍作为俯仰反射镜的净作动量,目的是克服非线性像旋使包含目标信息的虚拟海天线的像线通过焦平面中心.该算法与方位补偿算法联动能够使目标像点始终逼近焦平面原点.通过数学模型仿真和真实工况试验都验证了俯仰机构位置环海天线向量角补偿算法的合理性.     

Transient Reorientation of a Doped Liquid Crystal System under a Short Laser Pulse

The transient optical nonlinearity of a nematic liquid crystal doped with azo-dye DR19 is examined. The optical reorientation threshold of a 25-μm-thick planar-aligned sample of 5CB using a 50 ns pulse duration 532nm YAG laser pulse is observed to decrease from 800 mJ/mm^2 to 0.6 mJ/mm^2 after the addition of i vol% azo dopant, a reduction of three orders of magnitude. When using a laser pulse duration of 10ns, no such effect is observed. Experimental results indicate that the azo dopant molecules undergo photoisomerization from trans-isomer to cis-isomer under exposure to light, and this conformation change reorients the 5CB molecules via intermolecular coupling between guest and host. This guest-host coupling also affects the azo photoisomerization process.     

不同燃烧当量比对二甲醚燃烧的影响研究

利用分子束质谱结合真空紫外同步辐射光电离技术研究了低压层流预混二甲醚/氧气/氩气火焰.通过测量火焰物种的离子信号强度随燃烧炉位置的关系曲线,计算了主要火焰物种的摩尔分数曲线.分析了燃料当量比(φ)为0.8,1.0和1.5时主要火焰物种的摩尔分数曲线,阐述了燃烧当量比对低压层流预混二甲醚/氧气/氩气火焰化学结构的影响.研究为进一步认识二甲醚燃烧提供了实验数据.