Langmuir-Blodgett film formation of rare-earth metal di-, triphthalocyanine complexes and observation of their thin film by means of TEM and STM

Three different kinds of rare-earth metal phthalocyanine complexes (Pc₂LuH, Pc₃Gd₂, R₁₂ Pc₃Dy₂) were synthesized. Their ultra-thin films were prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Crystallites were observed in Langmuir film of Pc₃Gd₂ by means of transmission electron microscopy. The limiting molecular areas of the phthalocyanine derivatives on pure water increased in the order mono-, di- and triphthalocyanine, implying that these phthalocyanine molecules are stacked with a face-to-face orientation and edge-on to the water surface. By using scanning tunneling microscopy individual molecules of lutetium diphthalocyanine adsorbed on graphite surfaces were imaged for the first time.     

Growth of large single crystals of stearic acid from solution

The growing of large single crystals of stearic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOH), one of the saturated fatty acids, from organic solutions is reported. There are two parts in this experimental investigation; (1) to clarify the relationship between polymorphism of stearic acid having three modifications, namely, the A-form (orthorhombic), the B- and C-forms (monoclinic) and the growth conditions in the case of solution growth, because this complicated relationship has apparently made it very difficult to obtain large single crystals, (2) to produce large single crystals of stearic acid under the optimum growth conditions according to part (1). As a result large single crystals of stearic acid more than 8 × 8 mm² in area of the B- and C-modifications were successfully obtained. The values of long spacing, the crystal habit and the cleavage plane are also reported.     

Novel oxygen storage mechanism based on redox of sulfur in lanthanum oxysulfate/oxysulfide

A sulfur redox cycle between La(2)O(2)SO(4)(S(6+)) and La(2)O(2)S(S(2-)) phases was found for the first time to achieve the oxygen storage of 2 mol O(2) mol(-1), which is eight times larger than that of the conventional CeO(2)-ZrO(2) system.     

Dynamical ordering of symmetric non-Birkhoff periodic points in reversible monotone twist mappings

We study the coexistence of symmetric non-Birkhoff periodic orbits of C(1) reversible monotone twist mappings on the cylinder. We prove the equivalence of the existence of non-Birkhoff periodic orbits and that of transverse homoclinic intersections of stable and unstable manifolds of the fixed point. We derive the positional relation of symmetric Birkhoff and non-Birkhoff periodic orbits and obtain the dynamical ordering of symmetric non-Birkhoff periodic orbits. An extension of the Sharkovskii ordering to two-dimensional mappings has been carried out. In the proof of various properties of the mappings, reversibility plays an essential role. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

Innovation in a chemical reaction process using a supercritical water microreaction system: environmentally friendly production of epsilon-caprolactam

Our microreaction system using supercritical water solutions achieves nearly 100% yield and 100% selectivity for epsilon-caprolactam production at reaction times shorter than 1 s.     

Radiative X(3872) Decays in Charmonium-Molecule Hybrid Model

We study the radiative decays of the X(3872) in the charmonium-molecule model combined with the quark potential model. We obtain \({\Gamma(X(3872) \to J/\psi \, \gamma) = 29.2\,{\rm keV}}\) and \({\Gamma(X(3872) \to \psi' \, \gamma) = 6.3\,{\rm keV}}\) . The ratio of these two is 0.22, which is much smaller than the BABAR observation. We find that the result is very sensitive to the amount of the \({\chi_{c1}(1P)}\) component in the X(3872).     

Fabrication and characterization of silicon antireflection structures for infrared rays using a femtosecond laser

We focus on IR sensors with lower reflection for the wavelength around 10 μm, strongly awaited for detecting human bodies. A concave structure was designed as a more suitable reflection-free structure for IR light, and an optical system with a femtosecond laser was employed for verification of the effectiveness of the structure. The microstructures prepared through this process were fabricated and optically measured using SEM, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The measurement revealed that good reflection-free structures were realized for IR sensors with lower reflection for the wavelength of around 10 μm.